Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research

Abstract The present study examined clinical and neurological problems and clinical tests in Alzheimer's patients specializing in Alzheimer's disease. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is the deposition of a series of proteins called amyloid and tau outside or inside brain cells, which occurs by creating plaques or knots in these cells. This begins before the onset of symptoms, and fortunately, this factor makes it possible to diagnose the disease before the onset of symptoms with special devices. Clinical and neurological problems and clinical tests in Alzheimer's patients are of great importance. Over time, with the deposition of these proteins in the brain, the level of neurotransmitters in the brain decreases sharply and various areas in the brain begin to shrink. The results showed that the first area of the brain to be affected is usually the memory area, but it is possible that the visual or speech and language areas of the brain may also be damaged over time. Another factor that increases the severity of this disease is aging, with some studies showing that the risk of developing Alzheimer's doubles for every five years after the age of 65. A family history of dementia, such as Parkinson's, down syndrome, severe brain injury, a sedentary lifestyle, hearing loss, depression, and heart problems are among the factors that increase a person's risk of developing this condition.

Abstract Introduction: Right ventricular pacing can profoundly influence left ventricular mechanics, particularly when non‑physiological activation patterns induce mechanical dyssynchrony and impaired myocardial deformation. Global peak systolic strain is a sensitive marker for detecting pacing‑related alterations in ventricular function. This study aimed to evaluate and compare global peak systolic strain in patients undergoing right ventricular apical versus septal pacing to determine the pacing site associated with more preserved myocardial mechanics.

Material and methods: This randomized historical control study included 60 patients undergoing permanent right ventricular pacing at a tertiary cardiac center. Participants were equally assigned to apical or septal pacing. Standardized echocardiography with speckle tracking analysis was performed to quantify global peak systolic strain, and outcomes were compared using appropriate statistical methods under blinded assessment and ethical approval.

Results: Right ventricular pacing was associated with significant impairment of left ventricular myocardial deformation. Global longitudinal strain showed a stepwise reduction from normal subjects to septal pacing and was most severely attenuated with apical pacing (p < 0.001). Inferior and mid‑inferior segmental strain was preserved with septal pacing but significantly reduced with apical pacing compared with both normal and septal groups (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the site of right ventricular pacing is a critical determinant of left ventricular mechanical performance. Although septal pacing does not fully replicate physiological ventricular activation, it is associated with relatively preserved global and regional myocardial deformation and reduced mechanical heterogeneity compared with apical pacing.

Abstract The discovery of effective and environmentally friendly organic corrosion inhibitors remains constrained by slow experimental screening and fragmented computational workflows . This study presents an integrated hybrid framework combining density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and machine learning (ML) for high-throughput screening of organic corrosion inhibitors. DFT provides quantum-level insights into electronic structure and adsorption energetics through frontier molecular orbital analysis (EHOMO, ELUMO, energy gap ΔE), while MD captures time-dependent interfacial behavior and competitive ion interactions . A comprehensive dataset of 284 phenyl phthalimide derivatives was generated through DFT and MD simulations, with electronic properties correlated to experimental inhibition efficiency values . Among various ML models evaluated, Artificial Neural Networks demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy, achieving R² values of 93.18% for EHOMO and 91.12% for ELUMO . SHAP and PFI feature importance analyses revealed that descriptors B06[C-N] and qnmax are essential for inhibitor efficacy . The integrated framework addresses key limitations in current approaches including data scarcity, non-standardized descriptor selection, insufficient physical interpretability, and poor generalization across chemically diverse systems . Experimental validation through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization confirmed the predictive capability of the ML models, with excellent agreement between predicted and measured inhibition efficiencies. This work establishes a unified, scalable, and physically informed computational framework for rational design and discovery of next-generation corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract Recent advancements in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology have revolutionized the field of gene therapy, particularly in the context of cancer treatment. CRISPR-Cas9, a powerful genome-editing tool, enables precise modifications to the DNA of cancer cells, offering new avenues for targeted therapy. This technology allows for the knockout of oncogenes, activation of tumor suppressor genes, and engineering of immune cells to enhance their anti-tumor activity. Additionally, CRISPR-based screens have facilitated the identification of novel therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms in various cancer types. Despite its potential, challenges such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency, and immune responses remain significant hurdles. Recent innovations, including base editing, prime editing, and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), are addressing these limitations, enhancing the specificity and safety of CRISPR applications. Furthermore, the integration of CRISPR with other therapeutic modalities, such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy, holds promise for synergistic effects in combating cancer. This review highlights the transformative impact of CRISPR technology on cancer gene therapy, discusses current advancements, and explores future directions to overcome existing barriers, ultimately paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.

Abstract Dissimilar metal welded joints (DMWJs) are essential components in offshore oil and gas infrastructure, yet they face critical degradation through corrosion-fatigue interaction under sour service conditions. This comprehensive review examines the multi-physics mechanisms governing crack initiation and propagation in DMWJs exposed to sour environments containing H₂S, where fatigue lives can be reduced by factors of 10× to 50× compared to air . The electrochemical and mechanical coupling arises from hydrogen embrittlement, where hydrogen generated at the crack tip diffuses into the fracture process zone (FPZ) and degrades material cohesion . Microstructural heterogeneity across the weld—including the heat-affected zone (HAZ), fusion boundary, and buttering layers—creates complex local stress-strain fields and galvanic corrosion cells that accelerate damage . Welding residual strain and ductility dip cracking have been identified as critical promoters of corrosion fatigue crack initiation in DMWJs, with cracks initiating preferentially at weld interfaces or regions of high residual strain . Advanced predictive models based on hydrogen transport kinetics to the FPZ have been developed to quantify corrosion fatigue crack growth (CFCG) rates over wide ranges of mechanical variables (ΔK, stress ratio, frequency) and environmental variables (H₂S partial pressure, pH, temperature) . The transition from short-crack to long-crack behavior in sour environments reveals that shallow flaws can grow up to an order of magnitude faster than deep flaws at equivalent ΔK, highlighting the non-conservatism of deep-crack data for shallow flaw assessment . This review concludes that effective life prediction requires integrated multi-physics frameworks coupling crack-tip electrochemistry, hydrogen diffusion, and fracture mechanics.

Abstract The development of self-healing epoxy nanocomposites with long-term corrosion protection in marine environments represents a critical challenge in materials science, requiring sophisticated integration of passive barrier properties and active inhibition mechanisms . This comprehensive review systematically examines coordination-controlled self-healing epoxy nanocomposites, focusing on the synergistic inhibition mechanisms and long-term electrochemical impedance behavior in simulated marine environments. The coordination chemistry framework provides a unifying theoretical foundation: corrosion inhibitors function as multidentate ligands, nanocontainers serve as coordination carriers, and self-healing processes operate through in-situ coordination film formation . Advanced nanofiller systems incorporating pH-responsive nanocontainers—including metal-organic frameworks (MIL-100(Fe), ZIF-8), graphene oxide-based composites, and layered double hydroxides—have demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving low-frequency impedance modulus values of 5.03 × 10⁹ Ω·cm² after 50 days of immersion . The MIL-100@BTA system demonstrates alkaline-triggered release with up to 85% inhibitor release within 9 hours at pH 10, enabling targeted corrosion suppression at damaged sites . Tri-functional coating systems integrating passive barrier enhancement (109 Ω·cm² impedance after 120 days), active ion capture, and autonomous defect repair have been achieved through cascade synergistic mechanisms . This review concludes that coordination-controlled design principles offer transformative potential for durable, intelligent protective coatings with extended service life.

Abstract One of these new concepts that was created with the increasing development of medical science and biological knowledge was “Regenerative Medicine”, which is referred to as the medicine of the future. It has been less than 20 years since the concept of regenerative medicine entered the medical field and has become one of the areas of interest of universities, research centers, and biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Regenerative medicine seeks to find new methods of preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases, so that it can move from traditional medicine that works around the diagnosis and treatment with chemical and, to some extent, biotechnological drugs, towards individual-centered medicine and even precision medicine, for which biological products and drugs will play an important role. Despite the extensive advances in medical science, a significant number of human diseases are still incurable and only the symptoms of the disease are controlled. Therefore, regenerative medicine tries to treat these diseases definitively by using the same tools that the body naturally uses to repair damaged tissues and organs. These tools include: body cells, the material that surrounds cells in their natural habitat, and molecules that affect cells. Stem cells are one type of cell used in this field and have received special attention due to their great ability to transform into other cells and repair damaged areas. Stem cells play a major role in the development of organisms from the embryonic period and these cells can be identified in body tissues both during the embryonic period and after birth and are responsible for maintaining cellular balance in the normal state as well as during the process of repairing a tissue after disease.

Abstract Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have emerged as promising technologies for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the in-situ generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly hydroxyl radicals (•OH) . However, the practical application of EAOPs faces two critical challenges: the competitive chloride oxidation reaction (COR) caused by chloride ions in real wastewater, which leads to low Faradaic efficiency and severe corrosion of anode active sites, and the limited service life of electrodes due to dissolution of catalytic layers under harsh operating conditions . This comprehensive review systematically examines nanostructured anodes designed for dual-function applications—simultaneously achieving efficient electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants while providing in-situ corrosion protection of metallic substrates. Nanostructuring approaches, including TiO₂ nanotube arrays and hydrophobic surface modification, have demonstrated remarkable performance enhancement: TiO₂-NTs/SnO₂-Sb-PTFE composite electrodes achieve high oxygen evolution potential (2.4 V vs Ag/AgCl), significantly enhanced TOC removal efficiency for phenolic pollutants, and substantial reduction in Sn ion leaching compared to conventional electrodes . Surface hydrophobicity promotes effective release of free hydroxyl radicals from the anode surface into solution, facilitating pollutant mineralization while the hydrophobic PTFE layer acts as a barrier inhibiting anodic dissolution . Anti-corrosion design principles for seawater electrolysis—including selective oxygen evolution reaction active sites, anion exclusion layers, and electronic structure redistribution—offer valuable strategies for enhancing anode stability in chloride-rich environments . Recent advances in iridium-coated titanium anodes demonstrate service lives of 2-5 years with iridium loss below 0.1 mg/cm²/year, while PANI-modified iron anodes achieve corrosion inhibition efficiency of approximately 35% after repeated electrocoagulation treatment cycles . This review concludes that dual-function anodes represent a transformative approach for sustainable wastewater treatment, combining catalytic activity with corrosion resistance.

Abstract The present study examined the iodine diet in patients with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a serious disease that occurs due to dysfunction of the thyroid gland and increased production of thyroid hormone. This disease is usually treated with ant thyroid drugs and, if necessary, surgery. However, a healthy diet can also have a positive effect on improving the health of patients and their condition. For this reason, experts usually recommend that patients with hyperthyroidism follow a diet suitable for hyperthyroidism, along with other treatment options. The amount of radioactive iodine used to control thyroid diseases can vary depending on the individual's disease, so that in some diseases the dose can be without side effects. A proper diet can take steps to eliminate substances that aggravate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism and help improve the symptoms of the disease. A major problem in the diet of people with hyperthyroidism is controlling the amount of iodine intake. In some cases, doctors believe that the presence of excessive amounts of iodine can be effective in cases of hyperthyroidism, and therefore controlling the amount of iodine in the diet can help relieve the symptoms of the disease. The results showed that hyperthyroidism can cause obvious weight loss and make it difficult to gain weight. This is because the body's metabolism increases in this disease. The obvious connection between diet and hyperthyroidism is the presence of iodine in the diet. There are many reasons for the belief that iodine can increase the likelihood of developing hyperthyroidism. On the other hand, Graves' disease has an interesting connection with gluten. Diet can be useful for minimizing the damage caused by hyperthyroidism, especially brittle bones.

Abstract Electrochemical characterization techniques have become indispensable for understanding corrosion phenomena, enabling both fundamental mechanistic insights and practical corrosion monitoring across diverse industrial applications. This comprehensive review systematically examines the principles, applications, and data interpretation strategies for key electrochemical methods used in corrosion research. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has emerged as a powerful mechanistic probe, capturing real-time redox activity and surface transformations, though historically underutilized due to the irreversible nature of corrosion reactions . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) remains the most versatile technique, providing frequency-dependent information on charge transfer resistance, double-layer capacitance, and diffusion processes, with applications ranging from reinforced concrete diagnosis to nanostructured coating evaluation . Potentiodynamic polarization enables rapid determination of corrosion current density, Tafel slopes, and pitting potentials through the Stern–Geary relationship . Electrochemical noise analysis detects spontaneous current and potential fluctuations sensitive to localized corrosion events such as metastable pit growth . Recent advances in machine learning have revolutionized data interpretation, with hybrid models achieving R² > 0.99 prediction accuracy for corrosion rate forecasting through integration of swarm intelligence optimization with deep learning architectures . Four-dimensional impedance analysis has emerged for time-varying systems, enabling instantaneous impedance determination during non-stationary corrosion processes . This review concludes that effective corrosion characterization requires integrated approaches combining complementary techniques with advanced data analytics, bridging laboratory mechanistic understanding with field-applicable monitoring solutions.

Abstract Cartilage repair remains a significant clinical challenge due to the tissue’s limited self-healing capacity, avascular structure, and complex mechanical requirements. Recent advances in additive manufacturing have enabled the fabrication of patient-specific scaffolds with controlled architecture and tunable mechanical properties. Among high-performance biomaterials, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has emerged as a promising matrix material owing to its excellent chemical stability, thermal resistance, and mechanical strength. However, pristine PEEK is bioinert and hydrophobic, limiting its biological performance in cartilage regeneration. To address this limitation, fiber reinforcement and bioactive filler incorporation have been widely investigated to enhance both mechanical and biological functionality. This study provides a comparative analysis of different fiber types incorporated into 3D-printed PEEK composites for cartilage repair, considering fiber composition (carbon, glass, ceramic, natural, and polymeric), size (Nano to micro-scale), length (short, long, continuous, discontinuous), morphology, and volume fraction. The influence of fiber characteristics on mechanical performance—including tensile strength, compressive modulus, fatigue resistance, and interfacial bonding—as well as biological responses such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation, is critically evaluated. Furthermore, the interaction between fiber selection and 3D printing parameters, including build orientation, infill density, layer thickness, and extrusion temperature, discussed. Comparative findings suggest that hybrid reinforcement systems, particularly short carbon fibers combined with bioactive Nano-fillers such as Nano-hydroxyapatite or graphene oxide, offer an optimal balance between mechanical integrity and bioactivity. Continuous carbon fibers provide superior strength but limited biological enhancement, whereas Nano-scale bioactive reinforcements improve cellular responses with moderate mechanical gains. Strategic optimization of fiber type, geometry, and processing conditions is essential to achieve mechanically robust and biologically functional 3D-printed PEEK scaffolds for cartilage regeneration.

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a transformative nanomaterial for advanced corrosion protection coatings, leveraging its unique two-dimensional lamellar architecture and abundant surface functional groups to provide both passive barrier properties and active inhibition capabilities. This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifaceted role of GO in multifunctional coatings, focusing on how surface functionalization and 2D lamellar structure synergistically enhance barrier properties and active corrosion protection. The physical barrier mechanism of GO arises from its high aspect ratio and impermeable nature, creating tortuous diffusion paths for corrosive species, with a 0.03 wt% addition to geopolymer coatings achieving high impedance modulus and ultra-low corrosion current density through a triple synergistic protection system integrating physical barrier, chemical adsorption, and structural reinforcement . Surface functionalization strategies—including carboxylation (-COOH), hydroxylation (-OH), amination (-NH₂), and dopamine/nano-TiO₂ co-modification—critically influence coating performance by improving dispersion, enhancing interfacial compatibility, and introducing active inhibition functionality . Dopamine and nano-TiO₂ co-modified GO demonstrates superior corrosion resistance through synergistic effects: polydopamine enhances dispersion while TiO₂ provides passivation film effects, covering CO groups on GO surface . Carboxylated GO (CGO) composites outperform hydroxylated and aminated counterparts, with CGO-15 coating achieving two orders of magnitude higher impedance modulus than pure resin and over 90% inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria through ROS-mediated oxidative stress . The interlayer entanglement toughening strategy improves GO paper delamination strength by 268%, approaching benchmark natural nacres . This review concludes that integrated design combining molecular functionalization, 2D architecture optimization, and multi-component hybridization offers transformative potential for durable, high-performance protective coatings.

Abstract Background: Postoperative pain remains a significant clinical challenge, affecting up to 80% of surgical patients and impeding recovery. Standardized pain management protocols, including Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways and opioid-sparing analgesia strategies, have developed to address this issue through systematic, multimodal approaches.

Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of standardized pain management protocols in improving postoperative recovery outcomes among surgical patients.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library searched for randomized controlled trials and comparative studies evaluating standardized pain protocols versus conventional care. Primary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, and length of hospital stay, opioid-related adverse effects, and patient satisfaction. 58 studies (5,614 patients) were included in the final analysis.

Results: Standardized pain protocols were associated with significantly reduced 24-hour morphine consumption (MD: -9.47 mg, 95% CI: -13.00 to -5.95), lower pain scores at 24 hours (MD: -0.72, 95% CI: -0.97 to -0.47), reduced PONV incidence (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.90), and improved patient satisfaction (MD: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.36-1.40). Length of stay showed a reduction from 3.0 to 2.1 days (p

Abstract The present study examined the mechanisms of cardiac remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart does not pump blood well or does not fill with blood well. As a result, the heart falls behind in its work of moving blood around the body. This condition causes symptoms such as edema (swelling), shortness of breath and fatigue. The ejection fraction, or EF, of the heart measures the ability of the heart to pump oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. In a healthy heart, the ejection fraction is higher. A lower ejection fraction means that the heart is having difficulty meeting the body's needs. The results of the present study showed that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the most common types of heart failure, which occurs due to normal left ventricular function in terms of contraction, but impaired filling or relaxation of the heart. It commonly seen in older adults, women, and patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and kidney disease. As the population ages and the prevalence of chronic diseases increases, the prevalence of HFpEF is also increasing. The results of this study also showed that patients with low ejection fraction (EF) often excluded from rehabilitation programs due to concerns about the possibility of sudden death or other adverse cardiovascular events during exercise sessions. Recent studies have highlighted the fact that cardiac rehabilitation can improve exercise capacity, cardiac function, and health-related quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure.

Abstract The field of facial aesthetic medicine has evolved significantly, with injectable fillers playing a pivotal role in both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Recently, hybrid fillers such as Derma Live and Derma Deep have gained attention for their dual properties of volume restoration and biostimulation. This article explores the clinical value of these new-generation fillers, analyzing their composition, indications, safety profile, and outcomes in facial correction. Drawing from existing studies and real-world application, we assess their effectiveness in deep dermal and subdermal applications, particularly in nasolabial folds, malar augmentation, and post-traumatic defects. Hypothetical data from a prospective cohort of 100 patients treated with Derma Live or Derma Deep indicate high patient satisfaction, sustained aesthetic results up to 18 months, and minimal complications. This positions them as a promising alternative to conventional fillers in selected patients. However, precise injection technique and patient selection remain essential due to rare, but significant, risks of delayed nodular reaction. The study emphasizes the importance of clinician experience, dermal assessment, and post-care monitoring in optimizing outcomes with hybrid fillers like Derma Live and Derma Deep.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic post-mastectomy pain is a common and disabling survivorship problem, and growing evidence suggests that early postoperative inflammation may contribute to its development. C-reactive protein is an accessible biomarker of surgical inflammatory response. This study aimed to evaluate whether first-postoperative-day C-reactive protein levels are associated with subsequent chronic post-mastectomy pain.

Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2022 on 50 women undergoing mastectomy, selected by convenience sampling. Sample size was estimated using the Cochran single-group formula. The main variables included first-postoperative-day serum C-reactive protein level and chronic post-mastectomy pain at follow-up, alongside demographic, clinical, surgical, oncologic, and postoperative variables potentially related to pain development.

Results: Among 50 women undergoing mastectomy, 19 (38.0%) developed chronic post-mastectomy pain. Mean first-postoperative-day CRP was significantly higher in patients with chronic pain than in those without pain (36.2 ± 11.6 vs 23.9 ± 8.7 mg/L, P < 0.001). Axillary lymph node dissection (84.2% vs 54.8%, P = 0.034), longer operative time (127.9 ± 25.1 vs 109.8 ± 21.6 minutes, P = 0.011), and early postoperative complications (36.8% vs 12.9%, P = 0.046) were also associated with pain development.

Conclusion: Elevated first-postoperative-day CRP was independently associated with chronic post-mastectomy pain, suggesting that an intensified early postoperative inflammatory response may play an important role in pain chronification after breast cancer surgery.

Abstract Introduction: Early postoperative inflammation after lumpectomy may be influenced by tumor biology, particularly estrogen receptor expression, which modulates immune signaling and cytokine activity. However, its relationship with surgical inflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between estrogen receptor expression and inflammatory responses during the first 24-hour postoperative period.

Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2026 on 45 women undergoing lumpectomy, selected by convenience sampling. Estrogen receptor expression was assessed immunohistochemically in surgical specimens, while early postoperative inflammation was evaluated by 24-hour serum C-reactive protein measurement. Additional variables included age, body mass index, menopausal status, tumor characteristics, operative duration, white blood cell count, temperature, drainage volume, and pain score.

Results: Our study demonstrated that ER-negative patients exhibited a more pronounced inflammatory response post-lumpectomy. The ER-negative group showed significantly higher 24-hour CRP (16.83 vs. 12.46 mg/L; p=0.001) and WBC counts (10.08 vs. 8.71 × 10³/µL; p=0.017) than ER-positive patients. Regression analysis confirmed an independent inverse association between ER expression and postoperative CRP levels (adjusted β=3.92; p=0.003), underscoring a distinct link between molecular phenotype and acute systemic inflammatory intensity.

Conclusion: ER-negative status in breast cancer patients significantly exacerbates the systemic inflammatory response during the first 24 hours after lumpectomy. This association suggests that ER expression serves as a critical molecular biomarker for early postoperative recovery. Consequently, patients with ER-negative tumors may require heightened clinical surveillance and targeted anti-inflammatory interventions to manage the observed surge in acute inflammatory markers following surgical resection.

Abstract Introduction: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma remains a major clinical challenge, and conventional margin assessment may overlook molecular alterations associated with residual disease and field cancerization. DUSP1, a regulator of MAPK signaling, may contribute to tumor behavior. This study aimed to assess DUSP1 expression levels in tumor and surgical margin samples of LSCC.

Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences on 50 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, selected through convenience sampling based on the Cochran formula for single-group studies. DUSP1 expression was measured in paired tumor and surgical margin samples, alongside demographic, clinical, and pathological variables, including age, sex, smoking status, tumor site, grade, TNM stage, lymph node involvement, and margin status.

Results: In this study of 50 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, mean DUSP1 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissue than in paired surgical margins (2.73 ± 0.68 vs. 1.41 ± 0.37; P=0.001). Tumoral DUSP1 expression was also greater in smokers, poorly differentiated tumors, advanced-stage disease, node-positive cases, and positive surgical margins, indicating a consistent association between elevated DUSP1 levels and more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics.

Conclusion: DUSP1 was significantly overexpressed in LSCC tumor tissue compared with surgical margins and was associated with adverse clinicopathological features. These findings suggest that DUSP1 may serve as a promising molecular indicator of tumor aggressiveness and local disease extension.

Abstract Introduction: Tibial fractures present substantial healing challenges because limited soft-tissue coverage, vulnerable blood supply, fracture complexity, and host-related factors increase the risk of impaired union. Although plate fixation restores alignment and stability, it may contribute to infection, nonunion, malunion, and implant-related complications. This study aimed to evaluate healing time and complications following tibial fracture plating from a pathologic perspective.

Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 52 patients who underwent plate fixation for tibial fractures at Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz, selected through convenience sampling. Demographic, clinical, fracture-related, laboratory, operative, and postoperative data were collected from medical records and follow-up assessments. Healing time was determined using clinical and radiographic evidence of union, while postoperative complications, including infection, impaired union, malalignment, and implant-related failure, were documented.

Results: Patients with postoperative complications were older and had more severe injuries, including higher rates of open and comminuted fractures, longer time to surgery, and worse preoperative inflammatory and nutritional profiles (all significant variables, P<0.05). Healing time was markedly prolonged in complicated cases (23.2 ± 4.6 vs 15.9 ± 3.2 weeks, P<0.001). Independent predictors included age (OR=1.04), open fracture (OR=2.86), CRP (OR=1.17), surgical delay (OR=1.38), and operative duration (OR=1.21).

Conclusion: These findings indicate that postoperative complications after tibial plate fixation are driven by both fracture severity and adverse preoperative biological status. Early surgical management, control of inflammation, and optimization of hemoglobin and albumin levels may improve healing and reduce complication risk. Preoperative CRP and operative burden appear particularly valuable for risk stratification and perioperative decision-making.

Abstract Introduction: This study compares intensive care unit outcomes between obese and non-obese postmenopausal women undergoing gastric surgery, a population vulnerable to distinct metabolic and respiratory risks. Ultimately, we aim to evaluate how obesity status influences postoperative ICU length of stay, complication rates, and resource utilization in these patients.

Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2023 and included 215 postmenopausal women selected through convenience sampling. Sample size was estimated using the Cochran formula for a single-population proportion. The study assessed demographic, clinical, surgical, and ICU-related variables, including obesity status, comorbidities, operative characteristics, inflammatory markers, postoperative complications, and key intensive care outcomes.

Results: Obese postmenopausal women experienced significantly longer ICU stays (54.82 ± 14.63 vs. 38.15 ± 9.47 hours; p < 0.001) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (8.42 vs. 4.15 hours). Higher rates of respiratory distress (29.81% vs. 9.91%; p < 0.001) and wound infections (12.50% vs. 3.60%; p = 0.014) were observed. Consequently, obesity extended total hospitalization to 8.74 days compared to 6.82 days (p < 0.001), reflecting a more complex and resource-intensive postoperative recovery trajectory.

Conclusion: Obesity in postmenopausal women significantly impairs recovery after gastric surgery, leading to extended ICU stays and increased respiratory and infectious complications. These findings suggest that obese patients require more intensive perioperative management and specialized monitoring. Clinicians should prioritize early mobilization and targeted pulmonary interventions to mitigate the heightened resource utilization and clinical risks associated with elevated body mass in this population.

Abstract Background: Amputation remains a significant public health challenge in low and middle-income countries where specialized burn care is limited. Acute burns particularly electrical burns, cause irreversible tissue damage necessitating amputation. This study examined cases of upper and lower limb amputation following burns at Shahid Motahari Educational and Treatment Center in Tehran during the years 2022-2023.

Methods: After ethical approval a retrospective review was conducted on 150 burn patients who underwent amputation. The data included demographic information, hospitalization details, burn characteristics, amputation level, and additional surgical interventions (escharotomy, grafting, debridement). Burn severity was classified based on total body surface area percentage and burn degree. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: The mean age of patients was 38.8 ± 16.6 years with 84% being male. The average length of hospital stay was 19.7 days and 91.3% were discharged routinely. All mortalities occurred in males. The predominant occupations were freelancers (39.3%) and laborers (24.7%). Acute burns accounted for 59.3% of cases with 47.3% of known causes due to electric shock. Upper limb amputations mainly involved the fingers (50%) or forearm (39.5%) while lower limb amputations predominantly affected the toes (68.4%) or below the knee (23.7%). Diabetes was significantly associated with lower limb amputation (P=0.003). Acute burns were associated with a higher rate of upper limb amputation (P=0.045). Lower limb amputation correlated with longer hospital stays (P=0.014).

Conclusion: Burn related amputation primarily affected working age men in high-risk occupations with electrical injuries being the main cause. The findings emphasize the need for targeted occupational safety interventions, improved prevention of electrical hazards and enhanced diabetes care. Multicenter studies evaluating long term functional and psychosocial outcomes are essential to optimize rehabilitation strategies and community reintegration.

Abstract BACKGROUND:

Severe burn injuries require prompt wound coverage to prevent complications such as infection, electrolyte imbalances, and organ failure. Skin grafting is a common approach, but limited donor sites pose challenges in extensive burns. The Meek technique offers high expansion capacity and is especially effective in poorly vascularized wounds. Most previous studies have been cross-sectional, with few directly comparing Meek and mesh grafts. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes of both techniques on different anatomical sites within the same patients.

METHODS:

This case-control study enrolled patients with third-degree burns admitted to St. Fatima Hospital in Tehran. Each patient received both mesh and modified Meek grafts on different body areas following surgical debridement. Key outcomes—including graft take, re-epithelialization time, hospital stay, and complications—were recorded and analyzed using SPSS. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.

RESULTS:

Among 20 patients with third-degree burns, the modified Meek technique showed significantly faster re-epithelialization (2.8 vs. 5.0 months, p=0.01), higher epithelialization within one month (55% vs. 15%, p=0.03), shorter operative time (p=0.036), and greater expansion ratio (p=0.04) compared to the mesh method. Graft rejection and infection rates were lower in the Meek group but not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:

The modified Meek technique resulted in faster re-epithelialization, shorter operative time, and greater expansion compared to the mesh method. These advantages support its use as a preferred grafting option in extensive burn cases.