Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research

Abstract During treatment with chemotherapy drugs, many cancers become resistant to the therapeutic effects of the drugs used. Various mechanisms have been proposed in relation to drug resistance. One of the most important reasons for drug resistance is the high expression of ATP-dependent membrane proteins from the large family of membrane transporters (ATP Binding Cassette ABC). From this family, the membrane transporter with a molecular weight of 170 KDa named glycoprotein P plays an important role in drug resistance. Other membrane proteins from the MRP (Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein) family are also involved in drug resistance. ABC proteins are also expressed in normal cells. The mentioned proteins are responsible for the transfer of endogenous substrates. The high expression of these proteins in cancer cells is the most important obstacle to cancer treatment. The range of clinical responses is caused by the medicinal qualities of the treatment as well as the internal and acquired molecular and physical characteristics of cancer cells and external environmental factors. The latter can be caused by several factors, such as increased DNA repair capacity, altered drug metabolism, mutated or altered drug targets, reduced drug accumulation, and inactivated cell death signals. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show drug resistance. Because transporters overexpress adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette. Through specific regulatory genes, FOXM1, a transcription factor specific for cell proliferation, controls the transition between G1/S and G2/M cell cycle phases. In addition, it is an oncogene that causes the expansion and proliferation of cancer cells. Via ABCC5 (ATP binding cassette subfamily member 5) expression, FOXM1 overexpression causes paclitaxel resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Abstract Sensors are devices that convert physical properties into electrical signals. For example, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, presence detection sensor, etc. These sensors acquire information from the real world. Air quality sensors detect various air pollutants, gases and suspended particles and provide information about air quality in terms of health and environmental standards. They are used in a variety of applications from indoor air quality monitoring in homes and offices to outdoor air quality monitoring for environmental and public health purposes. Smart sensors generate and receive data and information that goes beyond traditional switching signals or measured parameters. They take input from the physical environment and, after identifying the input using internal computing resources, process the data before sending it. These devices are used for monitoring and control mechanisms in various environments, including smart networks, environmental detection, discoveries and scientific applications. Smart sensor is a vital and integral element in the Internet of Things. All these were once done as manual processes, but with the presence of smart sensors, these processes are done automatically. Smart sensors also play a key role in the development of modern security systems. Thermal imaging sensors detect the body heat of an intruder. Similarly, devices such as smart locks, motion sensors, and window and door sensors are usually connected to a common network. This allows security sensors to work together to create a comprehensive picture of the current security situation. They are also often used in homes and industrial applications to detect various leaks.

Abstract In recent years, the applications of nanoparticles separately and independently of nanotechnology have made significant progress, for example, the production of nanoparticle photo catalysts has significantly increased the catalytic efficiency of certain materials, and the variety of their applications has been developed. The spread of pollutants in surface water and groundwater has become an important issue worldwide due to population growth and the rapid development of industrialization. Therefore, it is necessary to control the harmful effects of pollutants and improve environmental conditions. Recently, the use of nanoparticles to remove environmental pollution and remove organic pollutants has caused photo catalysts and their potential applications to be widely considered. Photo catalysts are materials that receive energy from a specific wavelength of light and cause a reaction to occur. The catalytic principle of visible light is based on the visible light irradiation light catalyst, the capacity band of the catalyst is from the electron transfer of the ground state of light to the conduction band, the generation of holes born from light and photo electronics, the holes of light with water molecules to produce hydroxyl free radicals, electrons and molecule reactions Oxygen produces superoxide anion and holes, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion production. Reactive oxygen species can break down odor molecules, organic matter, bacteria, and other pollutants into water, carbon dioxide, and other small molecules. A small amount of N, S and P in organic matter produces nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, etc. after decomposition, to play the effect of detoxification, deodorization and sterilization. Visible light photocatalytic coating technology offers a new green solution for indoor and outdoor air purification.