Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research

Abstract Genetic technologies in personalized medicine have revolutionized the management of anticoagulant therapy. Despite their vital role in preventing blood clots, these drugs pose numerous challenges in dose adjustment and side effect management due to the varying responses of patients. Genetic analysis has enabled the provision of personalized, safer, and more effective therapy by identifying genetic differences in related genes such as CYP2C9 and VKORC1. By precisely adjusting the dose, reducing side effects, accelerating the treatment process, and reducing costs, this technology not only improves the quality of life of patients but also paves the way for new standards in healthcare. However, challenges such as high costs, limited access, and privacy issues require attention and resolution. In this approach, the genome of the individual in question is compared with reference genomes, and based on the information obtained, the individual can be treated in an appropriate and specific way. In fact, the genetic nature of the individual determines the treatment strategy. One aspect of personalized medicine is the use of pharmacogenomics. In this method, a more appropriate and informed drug is provided by using and knowing the sequence of an individual's genome. In conventional medicine, drugs are often prescribed with the idea that the effect of the drug is the same for everyone, but in fact this is not the case and each person responds differently to the drug depending on the nature of their genome sequence. Therefore, various factors must be taken into account. For example, depending on these sequences, side effects, the required amount of drug, the likelihood of successful treatment, and the prognosis of the disease will all be unique to each individual.

Abstract Recent advancements in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology have revolutionized the field of gene therapy, particularly in the context of cancer treatment. CRISPR-Cas9, a powerful genome-editing tool, enables precise modifications to the DNA of cancer cells, offering new avenues for targeted therapy. This technology allows for the knockout of oncogenes, activation of tumor suppressor genes, and engineering of immune cells to enhance their anti-tumor activity. Additionally, CRISPR-based screens have facilitated the identification of novel therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms in various cancer types. Despite its potential, challenges such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency, and immune responses remain significant hurdles. Recent innovations, including base editing, prime editing, and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), are addressing these limitations, enhancing the specificity and safety of CRISPR applications. Furthermore, the integration of CRISPR with other therapeutic modalities, such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy, holds promise for synergistic effects in combating cancer. This review highlights the transformative impact of CRISPR technology on cancer gene therapy, discusses current advancements, and explores future directions to overcome existing barriers, ultimately paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.