Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research

Abstract Introduction: Liver transplantation is a life-saving treatment for end-stage liver disease, but its success depends heavily on accurate pathologic assessment before, during, and after surgery. Pathology helps define native liver disease, assess donor organ quality, and identify causes of graft dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathologic findings in patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Material and methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, on 73 liver transplant patients selected by convenience sampling based on the Cochran formula. Data were extracted from archived medical records and pathology reports, and included demographic characteristics, transplant indications, explant pathology, and available post-transplant histopathologic findings to evaluate the spectrum of pathologic changes in this patient population.

Results: Among 73 liver transplant recipients, cirrhosis was the leading transplant indication (32.9%) and the dominant explant finding (71.2%), while advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis was present in 75.3%. Steatosis was identified in 31.5%, cholestasis in 23.3%, and hepatocellular carcinoma in 19.2%. Hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly associated with older age (P = 0.041), viral hepatitis (P = 0.018), pre-transplant cirrhosis (P = 0.047), dysplasia (P = 0.006), vascular abnormalities (P = 0.039), and microvascular invasion (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: These findings indicate that end-stage cirrhotic liver disease constitutes the principal pathologic burden in liver transplant recipients, while hepatocellular carcinoma represents a clinically important subset linked to adverse pathologic features. Careful explant pathologic evaluation is therefore essential not only for confirming the underlying disease spectrum but also for identifying malignant and high-risk microscopic characteristics with prognostic relevance.

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer remains a major global health burden, and lymph node involvement is a key pathologic indicator of tumor spread, prognosis, and postoperative treatment planning in patients undergoing mastectomy. Accurate nodal assessment also improves disease staging and therapeutic decision-making. This study aims to evaluate the pathologic status of lymph node involvement in patients undergoing mastectomy.

Material and methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz on 250 patients selected by convenience sampling, with sample size estimated using Cochran’s formula. Data were extracted from archived medical and pathology records, and clinicopathologic variables, particularly lymph node status and related breast tumor characteristics, were systematically collected and analyzed to evaluate the pattern of nodal involvement in mastectomy patients.

Results: Among 250 mastectomy patients, invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant subtype (79.2%), most tumors were grade II (57.2%), and mean tumor size was 3.41 ± 1.67 cm. Lymph node involvement was present in 58.4%, with macrometastasis in 51.2% and extranodal extension in 15.6%. Nodal positivity was significantly associated with larger tumor size (3.98 ± 1.78 vs. 2.61 ± 1.14 cm, P < 0.001), higher grade (P = 0.002), and lymphovascular invasion (60.3% vs. 23.1%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: These findings indicate that lymph node metastasis is common in mastectomy specimens and is closely linked to adverse pathologic features. Larger tumors, higher histologic grade, and lymphovascular invasion appear to be the strongest correlates of nodal spread, underscoring the importance of careful pathologic lymph node assessment for accurate staging, prognostic stratification, and postoperative treatment planning in breast cancer patients.