Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research

Abstract Introduction: Femoral implant surgery is frequently complicated by early inflammatory reactions that may be difficult to distinguish from normal postoperative responses. Because C-reactive protein reflects systemic inflammatory activity, preoperative measurement may help identify patients at greater risk of acute pathologic inflammation after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative CRP in predicting acute inflammation following femoral implant placement.

Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Using Cochran’s formula, the sample size was estimated at 73 patients, who were enrolled through convenience sampling. Data were extracted from medical records on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, preoperative CRP and other laboratory findings, operative details, and early postoperative inflammatory outcomes to assess the diagnostic value of preoperative CRP.

Results: Among 73 patients, acute postoperative inflammation occurred in 21.9%. Affected patients had higher preoperative CRP (24.18 vs 12.32 mg/L, P < 0.001), ESR (34.50 vs 25.98 mm/h, P = 0.009), and WBC (9.96 vs 8.40 x10³/muL, P = 0.015), but lower hemoglobin (11.28 vs 12.34 g/dL, P = 0.021) and albumin (3.29 vs 3.70 g/dL, P = 0.003). CRP showed good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.812, sensitivity 78.9%, specificity 73.6%, NPV 95.1%).

Conclusion: Preoperative CRP appears to be a clinically useful marker for identifying patients at risk of acute inflammation after femoral implant placement. Its strong discriminatory capacity and high negative predictive value suggest particular value in perioperative risk stratification, especially when interpreted alongside comorbidity burden, nutritional status, and operative complexity.

Abstract Regenerative endodontics is evolving rapidly as an alternative to conventional root canal therapy, aiming not merely to disinfect and fill root canals, but to restore viable pulp tissue with physiological functions such as immune defense, innervation, and dentinogenesis. Central to this paradigm are stem cell–based therapies, which, in concert with scaffolds and signaling factors, offer potential to regenerate the pulp–dentin complex in teeth with necrotic or damaged pulps. This review summarizes the latest progress in the field, focusing on (1) sources of stem cells (e.g. dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from the apical papilla, mesenchymal stem cells of non dental origin, and induced pluripotent stem cells), (2) scaffold design and biomaterial strategies, (3) delivery of growth factors and bioactive cues, (4) cell transplantation vs. cell homing approaches, (5) in vitro, in vivo, and early clinical evidence, and (6) major challenges and future directions. Evidence from animal studies and limited human trials shows promise in root maturation, vascularization, and functional tissue formation. However, full regeneration of the native pulp–dentin architecture — particularly with true odontoblast layer, innervation, and predictable function — remains elusive. Key hurdles include controlling stem cell differentiation and proliferation, immune compatibility, standardized protocols, safety (e.g. tumorigenesis risk), and regulatory issues. Emerging innovations such as cell-free secretomes or exosomes, 3D bioprinting of scaffolds, gene engineering for guided differentiation, and smart biomaterials responsive to microenvironment cues may help overcome current limitations. To accelerate translation toward routine clinical use, rigorous multicenter trials with long-term follow-up, development of GMP grade cell banks, and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential.