Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research

Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive condition with high prevalence and mortality rates worldwide. Despite advances in medical management, patients with HF face significant challenges in self-care, leading to poor clinical outcomes and frequent hospital readmissions. Adherence to self-care behaviors is critical for reducing hospital readmissions, yet many patients struggle with maintaining these behaviors due to insufficient education and follow-up.

Objective: This study examined the impact of the Continuous Care Model (CCM) on self-efficacy and hospital readmission among patients hospitalized with HF.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study conducted on 70 patients with HF visiting two teaching hospitals in southeastern Iran in 2021. Patients were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: control (n=35) receiving routine care and intervention (n=35) receiving CCM. The intervention consisted of six individual training sessions during hospitalization, six sessions post-discharge, and weekly telephone follow-up until the twelfth week. Data collected using a demographic form, readmission assessment, and Sullivan's Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 with chi-square, independent and paired samples t-tests, and ANCOVA at P < 0.05 significance level.

Results: ANCOVA revealed significantly higher self-efficacy scores in the intervention group after implementing CCM (P = 0.001). Independent t-test results showed that readmission frequencies in the control group (1.03 ± 1.01) were significantly higher than in the intervention group (0.34 ± 0.68) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: The Continuous Care Model significantly improved self-efficacy and reduced hospital readmission frequency among patients with HF. Given its ease of implementation, applicability, and low cost, healthcare authorities recommended to develop policies for implementing CCM for HF patients.

Abstract Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), has emerged as a significant public health challenge, affecting millions of individuals globally. It is characterized by persistent or new symptoms lasting weeks to months beyond the acute phase of COVID-19, including fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and musculoskeletal pain. The underlying pathophysiology is multifactorial and remains under investigation. Current evidence suggests that persistent viral reservoirs in tissues, chronic immune activation, autoimmunity, endothelial dysfunction, microvascular injury, and mitochondrial impairment play major roles. Neurological and autonomic disturbances, along with psychosocial and epigenetic influences, further contribute to the complexity of the syndrome. Management strategies are primarily supportive and multidisciplinary, focusing on symptom relief, rehabilitation, and psychosocial care. Approaches include pulmonary and cardiovascular rehabilitation, pacing and energy conservation for fatigue, pharmacological interventions for dysautonomia, and cognitive therapy for neurocognitive symptoms. Emerging treatments such as immunomodulators, antiviral agents, anticoagulants, and mitochondrial support therapies are under investigation. Despite progress, challenges remain in defining diagnostic criteria, identifying biomarkers, and tailoring personalized interventions. Long COVID represents not only a biomedical issue but also a socioeconomic burden, requiring coordinated healthcare strategies and global research efforts. Understanding its mechanisms and developing effective management approaches are essential to mitigate its long-term impact on individuals and healthcare systems.

Abstract he Covid-19 pandemic has caused many problems in societies and has caused changes in people's lives. Getting out of the normal routine of life will not be without psychological, social and economic effects. Preliminary studies show that the disease of Covid-19 has harmed men more than women. The mortality rate of men infected with Covid-19 is about 60 to 80% higher than that of women. One of the factors in the incidence and severity of Covid-19 complications in men is occupational and biological factors (Estrogen stimulates the immune system) that make men more vulnerable. Men are more exposed to environmental and occupational risk factors than women, and they have more bad habits such as smoking, alcohol, addiction, and occupational stress. Men are more likely to contract Covid-19 due to their employment outside the home and less self-care. Also, men are genetically more exposed to all kinds of diseases than women, and compared to them, they have more mortality and a shorter lifespan. Therefore, implementing a healthy lifestyle and taking timely care is helpful. Women have more general health than men and use more medical services. Most of the jobs at risk are male. Therefore, men are more affected and have more severe symptoms. Compliance with the principles of personal protection in the workplace based on the relevant protocols is very important in this group. Men's health is an issue that strengthens and improves the health of the society's workforce and the development of the country. Studies show that men's life expectancy is lower than women's. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of societies, and men were no exception.

Abstract During the examination by these imaging methods, the patient can be treated in parallel, when the catheter enters the brain to rupture. Blood vessels (aneurysms) or blocked blood vessels can also be used for injections. Medicines to the treated area (e.g. spine). In addition to these classic diagnostic options, it is possible to intervene measures to eliminate pathological conditions: Widening of the narrowing of vessels, re-evaluation of vascular obstruction (thrombosis), and closure of vascular malformations (aneurysm). Whenever we find out what is happening in the brain, the patient is sent to a neurologist. Has the patient had bleeding in the brain or trauma, or is it flaccid paralysis, MS or a suspected brain tumor? A neuro radiologist uses imaging techniques to find out which disease is present. Patients are also referred to neuroradiology in cases of acute injury, for example after an accident, to find out if there is a circulatory disorder and what its nature is. Neuroradiology is still used X-ray diagnosis, but has declined in favor of modern diagnostic techniques because it cannot visualize the brain itself. However, imaging of the skull bones is very accurate. Therefore, this examination method is often used for suspicious accidental patients. Skull base fracture angiography is standard for examining cerebral hemorrhage in the form of a vascular bulge. (Aneurysm) is also based on x-rays where contrast material is used for marking. The vessels in order to produce an X-ray image on this basis computed tomography (CT) detects both the bones of the brain and what is happening inside, such as bleeding. The patient is placed through an X-ray tube. It creates cross-sectional images. CT angiography can also be used to visualize the vessels responsible for blood flow in the brain after a contrast agent is administered.