Covid
Martino Delverdoliny
Abstract
According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2009, 3438 babies (5.7%) were born prematurely and the average hospitalization days of premature babies (less than 32 weeks of pregnancy) was 35 days. In America, approximately 12% of low-birth-weight babies and 8% of premature babies are born. ...
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According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2009, 3438 babies (5.7%) were born prematurely and the average hospitalization days of premature babies (less than 32 weeks of pregnancy) was 35 days. In America, approximately 12% of low-birth-weight babies and 8% of premature babies are born. The length of hospitalization of these babies lasted an average of 3 weeks and cost 1000 to 2500 dollars per day of hospitalization. A baby's age is an important determining factor for his chances of survival and natural growth and development. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, babies who are born earlier than 37 weeks from the last day of menstruation are considered premature. A growing percentage of the deaths of children under 5 years of age occur in infancy. About 38% of deaths in this age group occur within the first month of life, and 28% of these cases are attributed to the birth of premature babies. Since the last two decades, the number of babies with low birth weight has increased mainly due to the increase in the number of premature births, and the rate of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period is mainly influenced by the gestational age and to a lesser extent by the influence of the birth weight. The global prevalence of preterm birth is 9.6% and approximately 12.9 million babies per year, most of which occur in Africa and Asia.
Covid
Ali Reza Lotfi; Mansour Rezaei
Abstract
Introduction: Gastrectomy plays a central role in the management of gastric cancer, and its short-term outcomes have significant implications for patient care and treatment decisions. Surgical morbidity, postoperative recovery, length of hospital stays, and the impact of minimally invasive techniques ...
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Introduction: Gastrectomy plays a central role in the management of gastric cancer, and its short-term outcomes have significant implications for patient care and treatment decisions. Surgical morbidity, postoperative recovery, length of hospital stays, and the impact of minimally invasive techniques and lymph node dissection are all critical factors to consider.Material and Methods: This study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer. A retrospective cohort study design was employed to analyze data from a single-center database. The study period spanned from 2019 to 2020.Results: Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with surgical morbidity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced tumor stage (2.25 95% CI, 2.11-3.19), open surgical approach (5.51 95% CI: 4.88-7.19), and a higher Clavien-Dindo classification (5.595% CI: 5-12.3) were independent predictors of surgical morbidity. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and management of complications, as well as the potential benefits of minimally invasive techniques in reducing surgical morbidity (fig 3).Conclusion: In conclusion, the study on short-term outcomes of gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer provides valuable insights into the potential risks and benefits associated with the surgical procedure. It emphasizes the need for careful patient selection, meticulous surgical techniques, and comprehensive postoperative care to optimize outcomes and enhance patient satisfaction. Further research is warranted to explore long-term oncological outcomes and survival to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the overall impact of gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Covid
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
Breast cancer surgery plays a critical role in the management of breast cancer and is aimed at improving survival rates. Evidence-based guidelines have been developed to provide standardized recommendations for surgical interventions in breast cancer patients. These guidelines encompass various aspects ...
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Breast cancer surgery plays a critical role in the management of breast cancer and is aimed at improving survival rates. Evidence-based guidelines have been developed to provide standardized recommendations for surgical interventions in breast cancer patients. These guidelines encompass various aspects of breast cancer surgery, including the selection of appropriate surgical procedures, achievement of clear surgical margins, timing of surgery, and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration. The guidelines emphasize the importance of achieving clear surgical margins, which is associated with a decreased risk of local recurrence and improved survival rates. Breast-conserving surgery, such as lumpectomy, is recommended in eligible patients to achieve tumor removal while preserving the breast. Mastectomy, the complete removal of breast tissue, may be necessary in certain cases, and the guidelines provide recommendations for patient selection and optimal timing. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an integral part of breast cancer surgery for accurate staging and determining appropriate adjuvant therapies. The guidelines highlight the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure comprehensive evaluation, treatment planning, and follow-up care. Adherence to these guidelines, along with the integration of systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, has shown to improve survival rates in breast cancer patients. Ongoing research and advancements in surgical techniques and molecular profiling continue to refine these guidelines, further enhancing the effectiveness of breast cancer surgery and overall patient survival rates. By following these evidence-based guidelines, healthcare professionals can optimize patient care and contribute to increased survival rates in breast cancer patients.
Covid
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
Thyroidectomy, the surgical removal of the thyroid gland, is a commonly performed procedure for various thyroid conditions. In recent years, laparoscopic thyroidectomy (LT) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to open thyroidectomy (OT). This abstract presents a comparison of the results between ...
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Thyroidectomy, the surgical removal of the thyroid gland, is a commonly performed procedure for various thyroid conditions. In recent years, laparoscopic thyroidectomy (LT) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to open thyroidectomy (OT). This abstract presents a comparison of the results between laparoscopic and open thyroidectomy, specifically focusing on surgical efficacy, safety, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. Several studies have reported comparable or even superior outcomes with laparoscopic thyroidectomy in terms of surgical efficacy. LT provides magnified visualization and improved access to the surgical field, resulting in lower rates of nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism, while achieving equivalent rates of complete tumor resection and lymph node dissection. In terms of safety, laparoscopic thyroidectomy has demonstrated advantages over open thyroidectomy. It is associated with reduced blood loss, lower rates of wound infections, decreased postoperative pain, and improved cosmetic outcomes due to smaller incisions. However, the learning curve for surgeons must be considered, as adequate training and experience are crucial for ensuring patient safety during laparoscopic procedures. Studies consistently report lower rates of postoperative complications with laparoscopic thyroidectomy, including wound infections, hematoma formation, seroma formation, and postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is also lower with laparoscopy. Patient satisfaction tends to be higher with laparoscopic thyroidectomy due to reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, improved cosmetic outcomes, and shorter hospital stays. In conclusion, laparoscopic thyroidectomy offers potential benefits in terms of surgical efficacy, safety, lower rates of postoperative complications, and higher patient satisfaction compared to open thyroidectomy.
Covid
Parham Maroufi; Tala Pourlak
Abstract
Introduction: Determining pre-operative platelet levels and their potential correlation with intraoperative bleeding is an important area of investigation in tibia fracture surgery. Platelet parameters, including platelet count, MPV, PDW, and PCT, have shown promise as potential predictors of bleeding ...
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Introduction: Determining pre-operative platelet levels and their potential correlation with intraoperative bleeding is an important area of investigation in tibia fracture surgery. Platelet parameters, including platelet count, MPV, PDW, and PCT, have shown promise as potential predictors of bleeding tendencies during surgery. By considering these parameters and other relevant clinical factors, healthcare professionals can enhance surgical planning, optimize patient care, and improve outcomes in tibia fracture surgery.Material and Methods: Pre-operative platelet levels were determined by collecting a venous blood sample from each participant within 24 hours before surgery. The blood samples were collected using standard aseptic techniques and transferred to the hospital laboratory for analysis. Platelet counts were measured using an automated hematology analyzer, which provided accurate and reliable results. During tibia fracture surgery, the amount of bleeding was measured and recorded. The surgical team employed standard techniques for intraoperative blood loss measurement, including the use of suction devices and weighing surgical sponges.Results: The results revealed a significant positive correlation between platelet count and intraoperative bleeding (p < 0.05), indicating that higher platelet counts were associated with increased amounts of bleeding during tibia fracture surgery. However, no significant correlations were observed between MPV, PDW, PCT, and intraoperative bleeding (p > 0.05).Conclusion: this study provides evidence of a significant positive correlation between pre-operative platelet count and the amount of bleeding during tibia fracture surgery. Higher platelet counts were associated with increased amounts of bleeding, suggesting that platelet count may serve as a valuable predictor of bleeding tendencies in this surgical population.
Covid
Nina Pilehvar; Mansour Rezaei
Abstract
Intraoperative neuro-monitoring (IONM) is a crucial technique employed in neurosurgery to assess and preserve the functional integrity of the nervous system during surgical procedures. This scoping review aims to explore and summarize the existing literature on the utility of IONM in neurosurgery, focusing ...
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Intraoperative neuro-monitoring (IONM) is a crucial technique employed in neurosurgery to assess and preserve the functional integrity of the nervous system during surgical procedures. This scoping review aims to explore and summarize the existing literature on the utility of IONM in neurosurgery, focusing on its benefits, limitations, and current advancements. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted, and relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023 were included. The review encompassed a wide range of neurosurgical procedures, including spinal, cranial, and peripheral nerve surgeries. The included studies predominantly focused on the application of various IONM modalities, such as somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). The findings of this scoping review highlight the utility of IONM across different neurosurgical procedures. The use of IONM was consistently associated with a reduction in the incidence of postoperative neurological deficits, aiding in the prevention of nerve injuries and subsequent functional impairments. Furthermore, IONM was found to assist in identifying and localizing neural structures, guiding surgical approaches, and optimizing patient outcomes.
Covid
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
In this article, the Effects of esreradiol on leptin and other factors as investigated. Gonadal hormones potently control food intake and body weight. In female animals, deactivation effects of estradiol acutely and chronically influence body weight homeostasis. In rats and mice, estrogen exerts a tonic ...
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In this article, the Effects of esreradiol on leptin and other factors as investigated. Gonadal hormones potently control food intake and body weight. In female animals, deactivation effects of estradiol acutely and chronically influence body weight homeostasis. In rats and mice, estrogen exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on meal size and daily food intake throughout the ovarian cycle and a cyclic inhibitory effect during the peri-ovulatory phase. Removal of estrogen leads to changes in meal size and duration, hyperphagia, and obesity. Estrogen has similar effects in humans where it modulates periovulatory decreases in daily food intake. Additionally, reductions in estrogen are associated with changes in body weight and fat distribution in humans, which parallel the findings in animals. Estrogen has the ability to control energy balance, food intake, and body fat distribution and this may be mediated through its interaction with orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones. This review aims to explore these interactions and discuss the link between estrogen and obesity. Differences in adipose mass and distribution and glucose homeostasis in males and females have been attributed at least partly to sex steroids. Menopause is characterized by reduced estrogen production and a shift in adipose distribution from peripheral to central accumulation. Hyper androgenization in polycystic ovarian disease is associated with central (visceral) obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, ERα deficiency resulted in a decrease in energy expenditure with no change in food intake. Estrogen regulates energy balance through the central nervous system, as evidenced by the development of hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure in response to injection of ERα RNAi into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
Covid
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of alternative systematic reviews of insulin resistance and the role of sex steroids on leptin levels. In this study, 80 articles were examined by searching the words "Insulin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex steroids". Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) ...
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The present study is a systematic review of alternative systematic reviews of insulin resistance and the role of sex steroids on leptin levels. In this study, 80 articles were examined by searching the words "Insulin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex steroids". Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) assay is a sequential 2-step immune enzymatic (sandwich) method. The patient sample is added to the reaction vessel along with paramagnetic particles coated with monoclonal antibody against sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and saline buffer with protein. After incubation in a reaction vessel, the materials attached to the solid phase are held in a magnetic field. while unbound materials are washed away. A second monoclonal anti-SHBG antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase is added to the reaction vessel. After the second incubation in the reaction vessel, the material attached to the solid phase is held in a magnetic field while unbound materials are washed away. Next, the chemiluminescent substrate is added to the dish and the light produced by the reaction is measured with a luminometer. Light production is directly proportional to SHBG concentration in the sample. The amount of analyte in the sample is determined from a stored multipoint calibration curve. In men, about 45-65% of blood testosterone is normally bound to SHBG, and the rest is weakly and reversibly bound to albumin (the main blood protein). Only about 2-3% of testosterone is immediately available to tissues as free testosterone, but testosterone that is weakly bound to albumin is also biologically active and can be easily absorbed by body tissues. In women, compared to men, testosterone binds slightly more to SHBG in the blood. In women, SHBG plays an important role in regulating the levels of male sex hormones and estrogens in the body.
Covid
Martino Delverdoliny
Abstract
This study deals with the scientific and medical examination of uterine cancer and its various treatment methods. In the present study, which is considered a review study, the definition of uterine cancer and then its types and treatment methods and their complications have been discussed. Uterine cancer ...
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This study deals with the scientific and medical examination of uterine cancer and its various treatment methods. In the present study, which is considered a review study, the definition of uterine cancer and then its types and treatment methods and their complications have been discussed. Uterine cancer or endometrial cancer is a common disease in the reproductive system of women and their uterine tissue. This cancer, which is generally diagnosed by vaginal bleeding or abnormal body secretions, can be treated in the early stages. In addition, there are other types of this disease, such as uterine sarcoma, which are less common. Uterine cancer, which is not as common as ovarian cancer in women, usually occurs in old age and during menopause. The uterus is an organ in the female pelvis that protects the fetus until birth. This organ can suffer from different cancers such as endometrial cancer, sarcoma cancer and cervical cancer, which may have different symptoms and treatment. Uterine cancer generally occurs in old age and during menopause due to hormonal imbalance. Unfortunately, modern science does not have accurate information for the cause of this cancer, as well as its treatment methods. Only methods such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, etc. are used to improve the patient's condition and prevent the progression of the disease. However, these methods have many side effects. Of course, in the current situation where there is no alternative solution, it is the best method and the most common method.
Covid
Hamidreza Alizadeh Otaghvar; Siavash Mahdigholizad; Mohammadhossein Khanmohammadi kalkhoran; Tara Motamedi; Ali Akbar Jafarian; Reza Salehi; Mohammad Javad Motamedi
Abstract
amnion implantation in the operating room on children's acute second degree burn wounds in patients referred to Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023. Study method: In this cross-sectional study, which retrospectively examines the results of amniocentesis in children referred to Shahid Motahari ...
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amnion implantation in the operating room on children's acute second degree burn wounds in patients referred to Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023. Study method: In this cross-sectional study, which retrospectively examines the results of amniocentesis in children referred to Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023, patient records are examined to collect information. Findings: The information of 203 children under 16 years of age who underwent amniocentesis in Shahid Motahari hospital with 2nd degree burns between 2022 and the end of December 1401 were analyzed. Their average age was 4.86±3.937. 59.6% of the subjects were boys and 40.4% were girls. The average duration of hospitalization was 6.62±4.483 days. 96.1% of the burns happened at home, 1.9% in the park and 1.5% in the street. The frequency of burn percentage of patients is 37.4% in the range of 10-19%, 29.1% in the range of 20-29%, 20.7% in the range of 0-9%, 11.3% in the range of 30-39%, 1% in the range of 40-49%. and 0.5% was in the range of 50-59%. 64.5% of children with boiling water, 12.8% with food, 7.9% with gasoline, 4.4% with flames, 3% with alcohol, 2.5% with gas canisters, 2% with city gas, 2% with flammable materials, 0.5% with coal. And 0.5% were burned by a hot object. 75.4% of patients had trunk burns, 68.5% had arm and forearm burns, 50.7% had head and neck burns, 48.8% had thigh and leg burns, 35% had hand burns, 12.8% had leg burns, and 2% had whole body burns. 20.7% of patients needed grafting during hospitalization. Out of 131 people who suffered scald burns, 27 people needed grafting. Out of 26 people who suffered food burns, 3 people needed grafting. Out of 16 people who were burned with gasoline, 6 people needed grafting.
Covid
Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: TXA may lessen the need for hysterectomy, lessen the risk of developing severe anemia, and prevent the need for blood transfusions, all of which could significantly advance the objective of lowering maternal mortality, according to several RCTs that have examined the prophylactic role of ...
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Introduction: TXA may lessen the need for hysterectomy, lessen the risk of developing severe anemia, and prevent the need for blood transfusions, all of which could significantly advance the objective of lowering maternal mortality, according to several RCTs that have examined the prophylactic role of the drug (described in the discussion). Material and Methods: To make TXA injection, 1 gram (10ml) of TXA was diluted in 100ml of sterile saline. To those in the study group, TXA was infused intravenously for more than 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes before making a skin incision. The control group received no medication at all. All of the participants received spinal anesthesia. Surgery was performed by assistant professors with an MD degree and at least three years of experience. Results: Primary outcomes included blood loss from placental delivery to the conclusion of surgery and the percentage of hemoglobin difference, while secondary outcomes included the length of surgery and the percentage of patients who lost more than 500 ml of blood. There was a significant difference between the two groups in these primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusion: TXA significantly decreased the amount of blood lost during LSCS. Being in a hypercoagulable state during pregnancy increases the risk of thrombotic events. However, there were no negative side effects or complications in the first few weeks after delivery when this antifibrinolytic was used. So, when subjects are undergoing LSCS, TXA can be applied effectively and safely.
Covid
James Beki
Abstract
The term coronary artery disease (CAD) is a general term for disease conditions that cause blockage of coronary blood flow. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease. Major problems arising from abnormal blood flow to the heart muscle include angina pectoris, ...
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The term coronary artery disease (CAD) is a general term for disease conditions that cause blockage of coronary blood flow. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease. Major problems arising from abnormal blood flow to the heart muscle include angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Any factor that affects the blood flow to the coronary arteries can lead to anemia. Manifestations of cardiac anemia occur when the heart needs more oxygen than the amount of oxygen available to the heart. The most common cause of this supply and demand imbalance is persistent stenosis within the coronary artery. In most cases, the reduction in flow is due to structural changes inside the artery, which leads to narrowing of the duct inside the artery. One of the most important of these factors is atherosclerosis or atherosclerosis. Other causes of embolism, trauma or direct injury, inflammation of the coronary arteries during systemic diseases such as syphilis, lupus, etc. can cause coronary artery stenosis and obstruction, but in 99% of cases it is the cause of obstructive lesions of arthroscrosis.
Covid
Mahmoud Ali Hassan
Abstract
The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Signs and symptoms of angina pectoris appear when one or more coronary arteries are more than 75% blocked. Angina pectoris is derived from the Greek word meaning chest compression. The presence of angina indicates cardiac ischemia. ...
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The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Signs and symptoms of angina pectoris appear when one or more coronary arteries are more than 75% blocked. Angina pectoris is derived from the Greek word meaning chest compression. The presence of angina indicates cardiac ischemia. Ischemia was associated with short-term angina. It does not lead to permanent damage to the heart muscle tissue, but it is nevertheless a life-threatening factor and can further lead to dysrhythmia and myocardial infarction. Angina pectoris is caused by a temporary ischemia caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of oxygen required by the heart muscle. Angina pain is often relieved by rest and consumption of nitroglycerin and its accompanying symptoms include: shortness of breath, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, sweating, paleness, weakness and syncope may be associated with Angina to be seen. Contact with cold and drinking cold liquids causes the arteries to constrict, reduces coronary blood flow, and increases the myocardial need for oxygen. Eating too much food reduces coronary blood flow and increases myocardial oxygen demand due to the diversion of blood to the gastrointestinal tract. Stress and anxiety, accompanied by the release of catecholamines into the bloodstream, increase blood pressure and increase heart rate and increase myocardial oxygen demand.
Covid
Amirhossein Ahmadivand Koshki; Ghazal Tanzifi
Abstract
Radiotherapy may help achieve different treatment goals. For example, it may increase the effectiveness of surgery, help prevent cancer from spreading, or reduce symptoms of advanced cancer. Most radiation therapy devices use photon beams. Photons are also used in X-rays, but at lower doses. Photon beams ...
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Radiotherapy may help achieve different treatment goals. For example, it may increase the effectiveness of surgery, help prevent cancer from spreading, or reduce symptoms of advanced cancer. Most radiation therapy devices use photon beams. Photons are also used in X-rays, but at lower doses. Photon beams can reach tumors deep in the body. When photon beams pass through the body, they scatter some radiation along the way. These rays do not stop once they reach the tumor, but also go to the normal tissue. Radiation therapy is one of the types of cancer treatment methods that uses high-energy particles or waves such as X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams or by using a certain type of energy to stop the growth and division of cancer cells. As a result, the cell will gradually shrink and die. The goal of radiation therapy is to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to healthy cells, but sometimes this treatment also damages healthy cells adjacent to the cancer tissue, or stops them from growing and dividing by destroying their DNA. Also, radiotherapy can be part of the treatment and prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove the malignant tumor. Radiation therapy increases the effect of chemotherapy and is used in sensitive tumors before, after and simultaneously with chemotherapy.
Covid
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
Gallbladder-related diseases necessitate surgical intervention, with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC) being the main approaches for gallbladder removal. This abstract provides a concise comparison of the results and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy, ...
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Gallbladder-related diseases necessitate surgical intervention, with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC) being the main approaches for gallbladder removal. This abstract provides a concise comparison of the results and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy, focusing on efficacy, safety, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. Both LC and OC demonstrate comparable efficacy in achieving complete gallbladder removal and resolution of symptoms. LC offers magnified visualization and precise dissection, while OC provides direct access and tactile feedback to the surgeon. Safety analysis reveals that LC has lower rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications, attributed to reduced tissue trauma and faster recovery. However, OC remains a safe option for complex cases. LC has a lower incidence of postoperative complications, including wound infections and incisional hernias, and facilitates earlier bowel function recovery and shorter hospital stays compared to OC. Patients generally report higher satisfaction rates with LC due to reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes. However, individual patient preferences and specific circumstances may influence the choice between LC and OC. Cost-effectiveness analysis indicates higher initial costs for LC but potential savings due to reduced postoperative care and lost productivity. OC may have lower initial costs but can result in higher costs associated with prolonged hospital stays. In conclusion, both LC and OC are effective approaches for gallbladder removal, with LC demonstrating advantages in terms of reduced complications, faster recovery, and higher patient satisfaction. Surgeon expertise, patient factors, and case complexity should guide the selection of the most appropriate approach. Further research is needed to explore long-term outcomes and refine the comparison between LC and OC.
Covid
Mahmoud Ali Hassan
Abstract
The purpose of coronary artery angioplasty is to revascularize the heart muscle, which is responsible for reducing angina pain and increasing life expectancy. PTCA is an invasive intervention method used in patients with angina pectoris as well as acute MI. Unstable angina that does not respond to drug ...
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The purpose of coronary artery angioplasty is to revascularize the heart muscle, which is responsible for reducing angina pain and increasing life expectancy. PTCA is an invasive intervention method used in patients with angina pectoris as well as acute MI. Unstable angina that does not respond to drug treatment and lasts less than 1 year affects the patient's quality of life. Chronic and debilitating angina and new ECG changes include ST-segment elevation and pathological Q-wave. Acute MI that lasts less than 6 hours with or without concomitant use of thrombolytic agents and patients for whom CABG is dangerous. The patient should trust the treatment team, as fear can lead to vagal attacks of PTCA failure. Initially used as an alternative non-surgical invasive treatment for patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting, today it is an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Acute MI with fibrinolytic drugs. Acute pulmonary edema is a condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Fluid may accumulate in the interstitial space or alveoli. Acute pulmonary edema is an acute event caused by heart failure, it can be acutely caused by factors such as myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. Myocardial infarction as an ischemic effect can reduce ventricular dilatation and its function can significantly increase cardiac output. As resistance increases, left ventricular filling causes the blood to return to the pulmonary circulation.
Covid
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
The EKG electrocardiogram should be taken within 10 minutes of the patient's pain reporting on arrival at the emergency department. With the help of this device, the location and causes of MI solutions can be identified and followed up. Early signs of EKG in acute MI are due to ischemia and myocardial ...
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The EKG electrocardiogram should be taken within 10 minutes of the patient's pain reporting on arrival at the emergency department. With the help of this device, the location and causes of MI solutions can be identified and followed up. Early signs of EKG in acute MI are due to ischemia and myocardial injury. Myocardial revolarization is altered and causes a delay and reversal of the T wave, and the ischemic zone may remain repolarized until the myocardium returns to rest. Myocardial injury causes changes in the ST segment. Damaged cells naturally depolarize, but depolarize faster than normal cells. This causes the ST segment to rise at least 1 mm above the isoelectric line (the beginning of the P wave is used as a source for the isoelectric line). Myocardial injury causes an increase in the ST segment and long symmetrical T waves. The affected area will become a necrotic area if blood flow continues to decrease. ST segment changes return to baseline within a few days to 2 weeks. When ST elevation is greater than 1 mm (at least in 2 of 14 leads), MI Cute is considered. It causes the wave to be reversed to the region due to a change in repolarization, but in acute ischemia the T wave becomes long and sharp, and after this stage the flat is finally reversed. The big wave and symmetry are created within 24 hours. Reversed within 1 to 3 days with a final 1 to 2 weeks, T-wave reversal may persist for several months. Inverse T The deeper, more symmetrical, the more severe the ischemia.
Covid
James Beki
Abstract
In the process of rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, the person returns to the desired physiological-psychological state of recreational occupation. Rehabilitation begins in the hospital immediately after admission. About the physiological anatomy of the coronary heart disease, risk factors, ...
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In the process of rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, the person returns to the desired physiological-psychological state of recreational occupation. Rehabilitation begins in the hospital immediately after admission. About the physiological anatomy of the coronary heart disease, risk factors, treatment of coronary artery disease, behavioral counseling at home at this stage. If there are no complications, the patient is usually discharged two weeks later. Before discharge, a restricted exercise program is performed to determine the strength and capacity of the patient's heart. Avoid smoking and walk as much as you can. During this time, the patient is monitored regularly by a home care nurse each week. See a doctor 8 to 10 weeks after a heart attack for a complete physical examination, including an EKG, exercise test, blood lipids, and chest radiographs. The rehabilitation program is usually long-term and at this stage it is necessary to follow the rehabilitation or refer the patient to educational and medical centers for more support and troubleshooting. No matter how seemingly safe the disease and its symptoms, the ground floor is still desirable for heart patients. As far as possible, heart patients should not live on crowded and noisy streets. You should avoid installing a loud alarm on the door of the house, which causes the patient to jump suddenly.
Covid
Mahmoud Ali Hassan
Abstract
Shows the axis of the heart to propagate depolarization that extends into the heart to constrict the myocardium. In fact, the heart axis shows the direction in which most electrical stimuli move. When you read electrocardiograms, the heart axis indicates the direction of propagation of the stimulus. ...
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Shows the axis of the heart to propagate depolarization that extends into the heart to constrict the myocardium. In fact, the heart axis shows the direction in which most electrical stimuli move. When you read electrocardiograms, the heart axis indicates the direction of propagation of the stimulus. In addition, the direction of the heart axis indicates many disorders and changes in the heart. Usually at least two derivations are required to determine the axis. Algebraic sum is used to calculate the positive and negative of the QRS complex. For example, if the complex has a long R and a short S, count the number of cells occupied by R on the electrocardiogram paper vertically and count it as a positive digit, and count the number of negative cells as a negative digit. We put and then calculate its algebraic sum. If the biphasic complex is one and its size S and Rare exactly equal, the algebraic sum will be zero, which is why in this derivation the electric force is equal on both sides, so it is at the central point. But if the algebraic sum is a positive or negative numerical derivation, that is, the corresponding derivation line is deviated in the positive or negative direction. To determine the axis, it is usually best to see which of the 6 organ derivatives is biphasic, and then find the derivative perpendicular to it, the best lead being the AVF lead perpendicular to the D1 lead or the AVL lead perpendicular to the D2 lead and the AVR lead It is perpendicular to the D3 lead, the most common being the first. Examining an EKG will show that as the location of the positive electrode in the breast derivatives changes sequentially.
Covid
Abdolreza Mehdinavaz Aghdam; Fariborz Rousta
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of low PTH after surgery and to monitor parathyroid recovery times in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Material and Methods: A commercially available PTH (iPTH) test was used to monitor iPTH levels on days 1 and 4. PTH levels ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of low PTH after surgery and to monitor parathyroid recovery times in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Material and Methods: A commercially available PTH (iPTH) test was used to monitor iPTH levels on days 1 and 4. PTH levels were negative. It is determined by the same blood test as the sCa level. To exclude vitamin D deficiency, we first measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in all patients Postoperative hypoparathyroidism was defined as postoperative albumin-adjusted sCa levels below 1.9 mmol/L (Convert to mg/dL, divide) with 0.25 (range of use, 2.10-2.60 mmol/L) symptoms of hypocalcemia (response to neuromuscular stress including paresthesias, muscle spasms, tetany or seizures) or sCa levels lower than results (1.9-2.1 mmol/L) with neuromuscular symptoms during the first 4 days after surgery. Results: In a multivariate logistic regression model, we found that patients who received an autograft of parathyroid tissue during surgery were more likely to have low PTH immediately after surgery (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.8-3.8). Additionally, patients with parathyroid tissue who showed negative parathyroid tissue removal on the final pathology report were more likely to have postoperative PTH <10 pg/mL (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5 -3.3). Parathyroid tissue was the only risk factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism in the pathology report (OR = 3.6, 95% CI, 1.1–11.5). Conclusion: This study suggests that drug therapy should be considered in addition to PTH measurement, as 50% of patients with persistent hypoparathyroidism have elevated PTH levels to ≥10 pg/mL, but still want more help to avoid hypoparathyroidism. Symptoms of calcemia. In addition, 12 months may be the most appropriate time to define persistent hypoparathyroidism, as 5% of patients with low PTH resolve 6-12 months after treatment.
Covid
Dinami.H Birman
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Covid-19 on body postures. Specialists around the world are now conducting clinical trials and research to understand why some patients recovering from Covid-19 have long-term complications. The coronavirus primarily affects the respiratory system and can cause ...
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This study investigated the effects of Covid-19 on body postures. Specialists around the world are now conducting clinical trials and research to understand why some patients recovering from Covid-19 have long-term complications. The coronavirus primarily affects the respiratory system and can cause pneumonia and endanger human life. Other research shows that the disease can cause blood clots and inflammation in many parts of the body, and even in mild cases. Covid-19 can also be seen. This indicates the great need to take care of yourself against the disease. The recovery time from Covid-19 disease varies from person to person. Many people feel better in a few days or weeks, and most will recover within 12 weeks, but in some people, the symptoms may last longer. The likelihood of long-term symptoms does not appear to be related to how the disease occurred when you first contracted the coronavirus, and people who have experienced mild Covid-19 may also have long-term symptoms. The corona virus, especially its newer form, the delta corona, does not only attack the lungs; The heart, kidneys, brain, arteries, nerves, and skin are other organs that have been shown to affect the function of a new mutation in the Covid-19 virus.
Covid
Sanaz Yasrebi; Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: The analysis of a cohort of patients during the embryo transfer phase was the main focus of this study. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of thirteen adjuvant therapies on the success of embryo transfer, including the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates with enoxaparin. ...
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Introduction: The analysis of a cohort of patients during the embryo transfer phase was the main focus of this study. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of thirteen adjuvant therapies on the success of embryo transfer, including the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates with enoxaparin. Materials and Method: A random number was applied to each transfer in order to ensure data independence, and it was then used to select a single transfer for each patient while erasing the other 90 duplicate cycles. Gonadotropin stimulation was either downregulated or gonadotrophin antagonist stimulation—with or without pre-treatment with the oral contraceptive pill—was used to stimulate. Vitrification was used to freeze the embryos. Results: 16 known seropositive IVF implantation failure patients had 25 additional transfers of 47 embryos, resulting in two clinical pregnancies (fetal heart implantation rate, 42%). These patients did not want to participate in the trial and did not receive heparin and aspirin from their treating physician. Conclusion: A large number of the interventions examined in this study fall short of demonstrating any effects on the success of embryo transfers. According to the findings of our analysis enoxaparin use has shown promising, possibly advantageous results.
Covid
Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: This review addresses some of the issues that doctors encounter when treating a brain tumor in a patient who is pregnant, with a focus on radiation oncology viewpoints. Pregnancy and its effects on cancer survivors are outside the purview of this discussion.Material and Methods: Using the ...
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Introduction: This review addresses some of the issues that doctors encounter when treating a brain tumor in a patient who is pregnant, with a focus on radiation oncology viewpoints. Pregnancy and its effects on cancer survivors are outside the purview of this discussion.Material and Methods: Using the terms " brain " " tumors" " brain tumors " " pregnancy " "pregnancy-related brain tumors " "pregnancy-related tumors " and " brain tumors in pregnancy " we searched the literature in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Google for articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish published in the previous 20 years or older, as appropriateResults: Since there are no established management guidelines and there are numerous moral and ethical conundrums, the link between brain tumors and pregnancy presents a difficult challenge for the management team. Only small retrospective series of literature are currently available. It is necessary to develop a multidisciplinary plan with individualized management and thorough patient and family counseling at every stage. Conclusion: This task should only be taken on by large centers with the resources to manage every aspect of therapy related to obstetrics, neonatology, and oncology. The creation of central registries might improve data collection and interpretation to inform future strategies.
Covid
Stephan Birmangi
Abstract
Infection with the corona virus leads to short-term and long-term effects, which sometimes affect the sufferers for the rest of their lives. The effect of Corona on the human brain has been studied by many scientists. The new symptoms that have been observed in patients suffering from the disease of ...
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Infection with the corona virus leads to short-term and long-term effects, which sometimes affect the sufferers for the rest of their lives. The effect of Corona on the human brain has been studied by many scientists. The new symptoms that have been observed in patients suffering from the disease of Covid-19 indicate the effect of the corona virus on the functioning of the human brain and nervous system. While examining and treating patients in New York, which is considered to be the most prominent state in America in terms of infection with the corona virus and the number of victims of the Covid-19 disease, apart from fever, cough, body pain and shortness of breath, new signs of the destructive effect of the corona virus on human health. They found that the brain and nervous system of the patients are also somehow involved in this disease. Among the characteristics of this new finding is confusion, forgetfulness and even convulsions caused by nervous pressure in patients with Covid-19, many cases of which have been observed in New York state; In such a way that some patients do not even know where they are and why they are in the hospital or what year we are in now. In most cases, these symptoms are related to the lack of oxygen in the blood; However, it has been observed that this memory disorder in some patients is not very proportional due to the level of pulmonary involvement with the virus. "Jennifer Frontera", a neurologist at Langone University Hospital in Brooklyn, one of the old parts of New York City, believes that according to the new findings, the issue of involvement of the brain and nervous system when contracting the new type of corona virus is now seriously discussed in it has been investigated.
Covid
Stephany Margy
Abstract
Stroke, delirium, brain inflammation, encephalopathy or even confusion and neuromuscular disorders are part of the list of observed pathologies. The people who conducted this research emphasize that many people who experience these neurological symptoms are under 50 years of age and seemed to be in good ...
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Stroke, delirium, brain inflammation, encephalopathy or even confusion and neuromuscular disorders are part of the list of observed pathologies. The people who conducted this research emphasize that many people who experience these neurological symptoms are under 50 years of age and seemed to be in good health before the infection. American doctors believe that corona virus can lead to sudden stroke in young people, and according to scientific research, one third of corona patients suffer from neurological disorders within six months. Rapid reduction of brain gray matter has been observed in people with Covid-19. A new study has shown that even mild cases of Covid-19 can cause brain shrinkage and rapid gray matter loss. The study, published in the journal nature, examined brain scans of people before contracting the coronavirus and in the months after. This is the first case of its kind that has a longitudinal approach and examines changes over time. In this study, 785 people underwent two brain scans with a gap of about three years from each other. Among this group, 401 people were infected with the corona virus, most of which were mild cases that did not require hospitalization. The studied subjects were in the age range of 51 to 81 years. Of this group of people who got infected with the coronavirus, compared to people who never got infected, the level of gray matter loss in their brains was accelerated.
