Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research

Abstract Background: Performance anxiety is a significant challenge for anesthesia nursing students transitioning to clinical practice, potentially compromising patient safety and professional development. Virtual reality (VR)-based simulation offers immersive, repeatable practice opportunities in a safe environment.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of VR-based simulation training compared to traditional simulation methods in reducing performance anxiety and enhancing clinical preparedness among anesthesia nursing students.

Methods: A total of 60 second-year anesthesia nursing students were randomly assigned to either an immersive VR simulation group (n=30) or a traditional task-trainer simulation group (n=30). Outcomes were measured at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at two-week follow-up using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), a clinical performance checklist, and a self-efficacy scale.

Results: The VR group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in state anxiety (mean difference: -8.4, p<0.001) and higher self-efficacy scores (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Clinical performance scores improved significantly in both groups, with the VR group showing superior non-technical skills including crisis management and communication (p=0.003).

Conclusion: VR-based simulation training effectively reduces performance anxiety and improves clinical preparedness in anesthesia nursing students, offering a scalable and accessible educational modality for healthcare training programs.

Abstract Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse drug events (ADEs) remain major threats to patient safety in hospitals, particularly among older adults, patients with multimorbidity, individuals exposed to polypharmacy, and patients experiencing rapid changes in physiological status. Conventional pharmacovigilance and medication-monitoring approaches depend heavily on retrospective reporting and clinical recognition, which may delay identification of preventable harm. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), natural language processing, and deep learning, offers opportunities to transform pharmacovigilance from a predominantly reactive process into a predictive and continuously updated safety system. This systematic evidence synthesis examined the performance and clinical implications of AI-based models for predicting ADRs and ADEs among hospitalized patients, with particular attention to nursing practice. Evidence published in major biomedical databases synthesized with emphasis on model performance, predictors, validation, explainability, and implications for medication administration and clinical surveillance. Recent systematic reviews indicate that random forest, gradient boosting, support vector machines, regularized regression, and deep-learning architectures frequently used, with pooled predictive performance generally demonstrating moderate discrimination. A 2025 systematic review specifically examining hospitalized patients reported pooled sensitivity and specificity of 78.1% and 70.6%, respectively, for development-only models, 81.5%, and 79.5% for models undergoing external validation. Contemporary evidence also demonstrates increasing use of longitudinal EHR representations, clinical narratives, nursing documentation, and foundation models. However, heterogeneous outcome definitions, missing-data procedures, limited external validation, class imbalance, alert fatigue, algorithmic bias, and insufficient explainability remain substantial barriers to implementation. AI therefore conceptualized as an augmentation technology rather than a replacement for nurses or other clinicians. Effective implementation requires interdisciplinary governance, transparent algorithms, prospective evaluation, workflow integration, education, and continuous monitoring. Properly implemented, AI-supported ADR prediction may strengthen nursing vigilance, prioritize high-risk patients, improve medication safety, and facilitate earlier clinical intervention.

Abstract Background: Unilateral Graves’ disease (UGD) is a rare form of Graves’ disease (GD) characterized by hyperactivity confined to one thyroid lobe. Although thyroid cancer is associated with GD, its coexistence with UGD is exceptionally rare. Case Report: A 35-year-old woman with GD, treated with methimazole, became pregnant and remained euthyroid during pregnancy after discontinuing methimazole. Four months after delivery, she was diagnosed with mild hyperthyroidism (TSH = 0.05 Thyroid scintigraphy showed increased radiotracer in the right lobe, while an ultrasound revealed a 13×10×8 mm nodule with a hypoechoic, taller-than-wide appearance. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which was confirmed after total thyroidectomy. Conclusion: unilateral Graves’ disease (UGD), similar to the typical form, can occur alongside thyroid cancer. A thorough evaluation of thyroid nodules in UGD—using imaging and cytology—is essential for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.

Abstract Microbiome dysbiosis, an alteration in the composition, diversity, or function of host-associated microbial communities, is increasingly implicated in both gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (e.g., IBS, IBD, colorectal cancer) and systemic metabolic diseases. This study evaluates dysbiosis as a predictive biomarker for incident GI and metabolic disease using integrative multi-omics profiling (16S/shotgun metagenomics, metabolomics, host markers) and machine-learning risk models. We will recruit a prospective cohort (n ≈ 1,000) with baseline stool, blood, and clinical phenotyping and follow participants 3–5 years for disease incidence and progression. Primary outcomes are new diagnoses of IBD, IBS, colorectal neoplasia, NAFLD, and NAFLD; secondary outcomes include changes in glycemic markers, liver enzymes, and bowel-symptom scores. Predictors include alpha/beta diversity, taxon-level signatures (e.g., depletion of butyrate-producers), functional gene modules (SCFA synthesis, bile-acid metabolism, LPS biosynthesis), and metabolite markers (SCFAs, secondary bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide). Models will adjust for diet, medications (antibiotics, PPIs), BMI, age, and socioeconomic factors. We will validate models internally (cross-validation) and externally (independent cohort). If successful, the work will (1) quantify predictive power of microbiome-derived features beyond traditional risk factors, (2) identify mechanistic microbe–metabolite pathways linking dysbiosis to disease, and (3) provide candidate targets for early intervention. However, clinical translation must consider variability in sampling and current limits of commercial testing; robust standardization and prospective validation are required.

Abstract Facial filler injections are widely used in aesthetic dermatology and plastic surgery for rejuvenation and volume restoration. Despite their popularity and generally favorable safety profile, rare but severe complications, including cerebral embolism, have emerged in the literature. This review aims to explore the existing evidence surrounding cerebral embolism resulting from facial filler injections, with a focus on incidence, anatomical risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and outcomes. An extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published from 2015 to 2024. A total of 37 cases were identified, with the glabella, nasal dorsum, and forehead being the most common sites associated with complications. The pathogenesis involves retrograde arterial embolization with filler materials entering cerebral circulation via branches of the ophthalmic artery. Common clinical signs include sudden vision loss, headache, hemiplegia, aphasia, and altered consciousness. Prompt recognition and early management are crucial but often fail to reverse neurological deficits. Preventive strategies, such as anatomical knowledge, appropriate injection technique, and use of blunt cannulas, are essential. This review highlights the need for greater awareness among practitioners and recommends standardized emergency protocols to reduce the burden of these rare but catastrophic events.

Abstract Abstract

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely utilized in aesthetic dermatology for facial rejuvenation due to their safety and efficacy. However, delayed complications, although rare, may pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We present a case of a 42-year-old female who developed a painful inflammatory nodule six months after receiving HA filler injections in the nasolabial fold. Initial conservative treatment with antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was ineffective. Definitive resolution was achieved following intralesional corticosteroid and hyaluronidase injections, which degraded the filler and reduced inflammation. Ultrasound imaging confirmed the presence of a well-defined subcutaneous lesion without systemic infection. This case underscores the importance of recognizing delayed inflammatory reactions to HA fillers and adopting appropriate stepwise management strategies. Early diagnosis and combined therapeutic approaches can improve patient outcomes and minimize morbidity associated with such rare complications.

Abstract Introduction: The importance of anesthesia management in epileptic patients lies in its direct impact on perioperative safety and neurologic outcomes. Inadequate anesthetic planning can precipitate breakthrough seizures, complicate recovery, and increase morbidity.

Material and methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, will evaluate randomized controlled trials and observational studies on anesthetic management in epileptic patients. Comprehensive database searches and standardized selection and extraction processes will be used. Outcomes include perioperative seizures and anesthetic complications. Study quality and heterogeneity will be rigorously assessed using validated tools and statistical analyses, ensuring reliable synthesis of current evidence to inform clinical anesthesia practices in this population.

Results: Based on the defined search strategy, 246 records were identified and narrowed through duplicate removal and rigorous screening to 8 studies included in the final qualitative synthesis. These studies, conducted internationally between 2014 and 2021, used varied designs and sample sizes to address perioperative seizure outcomes, anesthetic complications, recovery time, and hemodynamic stability, providing comprehensive and detailed evidence on anesthesia management in epileptic patients.

Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that, with careful selection of anesthetic protocols and individualized perioperative management, patients with epilepsy can undergo surgery with manageable rates of seizures and complications.

Abstract Introduction: This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence regarding medical and nursing care for patients with neurological diseases undergoing surgery, with a focus on pre- and post-operative considerations. This review underscores the need for standardized protocols that integrate medical and nursing perspectives in perioperative neurological care. While substantial progress has been made, gaps remain in consistent implementation of evidence-based practices and patient-centered approaches. Future research should focus on developing integrated care models and evaluating their effectiveness in enhancing surgical outcomes for patients with neurological diseases.

Methodology: Following PRISMA-based methodology, key areas include preoperative assessment, risk optimization, perioperative medication management, anesthetic strategies, and post-operative bundles of care such as hemodynamic control, secondary brain injury prevention, venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis, infection prevention, nutrition, pain management, early rehabilitation, and patient/family education.

Findings: Findings indicate that pre-operative considerations should prioritize accurate neurological assessment, optimization of comorbidities, psychological support, and patient education to enhance compliance and reduce anxiety. Pre-operative imaging, medication management (e.g., anticonvulsants, anticoagulants), and nutritional status evaluation were also identified as critical. Intraoperative nursing care, though less frequently studied, emphasizes the importance of hemodynamic stability, intracranial pressure monitoring, and prevention of complications such as hypoxia and infection.

Conclusion: Optimal perioperative care for neurosurgical patients requires a standardized, multidisciplinary, and nursing-centered approach. Critical elements include risk assessment, medication management, neuro-focused anesthesia and monitoring, structured post-op neurological checks, complication prevention, multimodal analgesia, nutrition/dysphagia management, early rehabilitation, and robust patient/family education. Adoption of ERAS pathways and quality monitoring can significantly improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

Abstract Background: Cosmetic facial filler injections have become increasingly popular for facial rejuvenation. However, vascular complications, although rare, can lead to devastating outcomes including cerebral infarctions and permanent vision loss.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment, and outcomes of patients experiencing cerebral and ocular vascular events following facial filler injections.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on cases referred to tertiary hospitals between 2016 and 2023 with documented cerebral or ocular vascular complications after dermal filler injections. Data regarding filler type, injection sites, time of symptom onset, neurological/ophthalmic evaluations, imaging results, treatments, and patient outcomes were collected.

Results: Among 24 identified patients (mean age 36.2 ± 9.8 years, 22 females), 18 (75%) suffered ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO), 9 (37.5%) had ischemic cerebral infarctions, and 5 had combined manifestations. Most complications followed glabellar or nasal root injections using hyaluronic acid-based fillers. Permanent blindness occurred in 15 patients; neurological sequelae persisted in 7. Early intervention with hyaluronidase, corticosteroids, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed partial benefits.

Conclusion: Facial filler injections carry a small but catastrophic risk of cerebrovascular and ocular vascular occlusion. Increased awareness, anatomical knowledge, and adherence to safety protocols are essential to minimize risks.

Abstract Background: Amputation remains a significant public health challenge in low and middle-income countries where specialized burn care is limited. Acute burns particularly electrical burns, cause irreversible tissue damage necessitating amputation. This study examined cases of upper and lower limb amputation following burns at Shahid Motahari Educational and Treatment Center in Tehran during the years 2022-2023.

Methods: After ethical approval a retrospective review was conducted on 150 burn patients who underwent amputation. The data included demographic information, hospitalization details, burn characteristics, amputation level, and additional surgical interventions (escharotomy, grafting, debridement). Burn severity was classified based on total body surface area percentage and burn degree. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: The mean age of patients was 38.8 ± 16.6 years with 84% being male. The average length of hospital stay was 19.7 days and 91.3% were discharged routinely. All mortalities occurred in males. The predominant occupations were freelancers (39.3%) and laborers (24.7%). Acute burns accounted for 59.3% of cases with 47.3% of known causes due to electric shock. Upper limb amputations mainly involved the fingers (50%) or forearm (39.5%) while lower limb amputations predominantly affected the toes (68.4%) or below the knee (23.7%). Diabetes was significantly associated with lower limb amputation (P=0.003). Acute burns were associated with a higher rate of upper limb amputation (P=0.045). Lower limb amputation correlated with longer hospital stays (P=0.014).

Conclusion: Burn related amputation primarily affected working age men in high-risk occupations with electrical injuries being the main cause. The findings emphasize the need for targeted occupational safety interventions, improved prevention of electrical hazards and enhanced diabetes care. Multicenter studies evaluating long term functional and psychosocial outcomes are essential to optimize rehabilitation strategies and community reintegration.

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming various sectors, and medical education is no exception. This review explores the multifaceted applications of AI in medical education, including its potential benefits, associated risks, and necessary ethical considerations. It synthesizes current research to provide insights into how AI tools, such as personalized learning platforms and AI-driven content generation, can enhance educational outcomes. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges of AI implementation, such as maintaining academic integrity and ensuring data accuracy, and proposes strategies for responsible integration. By examining these aspects, this article aims to guide educators and institutions in effectively leveraging AI to prepare future healthcare professionals for the digital age.

Abstract Facial filler injections have become one of the most common aesthetic procedures globally. Despite their popularity, complications can arise, often due to inadequate pre-procedural dermatological assessment. This systematic review aims to synthesize available literature on dermatological evaluations in individuals seeking facial filler treatments, with an emphasis on practical clinical strategies. The review reveals a significant variation in evaluation protocols, with limited standardized guidelines. Key dermatological factors including skin type, hydration, photodamage, inflammatory conditions, and vascular mapping are often under-evaluated. Recommendations are proposed for a comprehensive yet practical pre-treatment skin assessment protocol to optimize outcomes and reduce complications. Dermal fillers, particularly those based on hyaluronic acid (HA), are widely used in aesthetic dermatology for facial volume restoration, contour enhancement, and wrinkle reduction. Despite their minimally invasive nature, filler injections are not risk-free.

Abstract The field of facial aesthetic medicine has evolved significantly, with injectable fillers playing a pivotal role in both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Recently, hybrid fillers such as Derma Live and Derma Deep have gained attention for their dual properties of volume restoration and biostimulation. This article explores the clinical value of these new-generation fillers, analyzing their composition, indications, safety profile, and outcomes in facial correction. Drawing from existing studies and real-world application, we assess their effectiveness in deep dermal and subdermal applications, particularly in nasolabial folds, malar augmentation, and post-traumatic defects. Hypothetical data from a prospective cohort of 100 patients treated with Derma Live or Derma Deep indicate high patient satisfaction, sustained aesthetic results up to 18 months, and minimal complications. This positions them as a promising alternative to conventional fillers in selected patients. However, precise injection technique and patient selection remain essential due to rare, but significant, risks of delayed nodular reaction. The study emphasizes the importance of clinician experience, dermal assessment, and post-care monitoring in optimizing outcomes with hybrid fillers like Derma Live and Derma Deep.

Abstract Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood, significantly affecting preschool-aged children’s oral health, nutrition, and quality of life. Socioeconomic factors, including family income and residential environment, have been proposed as determinants influencing the prevalence and severity of dental caries. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence examining the relationship between preschool children’s dental caries experience and their place of residence (urban vs. rural) and family income levels. A structured literature (37 articles) search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published from 2010 to 2025. Findings consistently indicate that children from lower-income families and rural areas exhibit higher caries prevalence and severity, reflecting disparities in access to dental care, dietary patterns, and oral hygiene practices. Interventions targeting vulnerable populations, including community-based preventive programs and socioeconomic policy measures, are warranted to reduce oral health inequalities.

Abstract Genetic technologies in personalized medicine have revolutionized the management of anticoagulant therapy. Despite their vital role in preventing blood clots, these drugs pose numerous challenges in dose adjustment and side effect management due to the varying responses of patients. Genetic analysis has enabled the provision of personalized, safer, and more effective therapy by identifying genetic differences in related genes such as CYP2C9 and VKORC1. By precisely adjusting the dose, reducing side effects, accelerating the treatment process, and reducing costs, this technology not only improves the quality of life of patients but also paves the way for new standards in healthcare. However, challenges such as high costs, limited access, and privacy issues require attention and resolution. In this approach, the genome of the individual in question is compared with reference genomes, and based on the information obtained, the individual can be treated in an appropriate and specific way. In fact, the genetic nature of the individual determines the treatment strategy. One aspect of personalized medicine is the use of pharmacogenomics. In this method, a more appropriate and informed drug is provided by using and knowing the sequence of an individual's genome. In conventional medicine, drugs are often prescribed with the idea that the effect of the drug is the same for everyone, but in fact this is not the case and each person responds differently to the drug depending on the nature of their genome sequence. Therefore, various factors must be taken into account. For example, depending on these sequences, side effects, the required amount of drug, the likelihood of successful treatment, and the prognosis of the disease will all be unique to each individual.

Abstract The present study examined clinical and neurological problems and clinical tests in Alzheimer's patients specializing in Alzheimer's disease. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is the deposition of a series of proteins called amyloid and tau outside or inside brain cells, which occurs by creating plaques or knots in these cells. This begins before the onset of symptoms, and fortunately, this factor makes it possible to diagnose the disease before the onset of symptoms with special devices. Clinical and neurological problems and clinical tests in Alzheimer's patients are of great importance. Over time, with the deposition of these proteins in the brain, the level of neurotransmitters in the brain decreases sharply and various areas in the brain begin to shrink. The results showed that the first area of the brain to be affected is usually the memory area, but it is possible that the visual or speech and language areas of the brain may also be damaged over time. Another factor that increases the severity of this disease is aging, with some studies showing that the risk of developing Alzheimer's doubles for every five years after the age of 65. A family history of dementia, such as Parkinson's, down syndrome, severe brain injury, a sedentary lifestyle, hearing loss, depression, and heart problems are among the factors that increase a person's risk of developing this condition.

Abstract The field of AI ethics has become a global enterprise with a wide range of actors. However, AI ethics is not new. With new uses of AI, AI ethics has flourished beyond academia. For example, in 2021, UNESCO appointed 24 experts from around the world and launched a global online consultation on AI ethics to facilitate dialogue and exchange of views with all member states. One of the major problems that AI ethics and ethicists may face is the ambiguity of what is actually happening in AI, given that understanding what is good about an activity is itself very useful in determining its ethical issues. Despite the lack of transparency of AI in its current form, the important point is what kind of ethical issues can arise due to the use and development of this technology, which is a matter of debate and investigation. Another concern is transparency and explain ability. Many AI systems act like black boxes. The decision-making process is not transparent. This undermines trust among healthcare providers and patients and their companions. It is unacceptable in the medical field that even the designers of AI systems do not know exactly how AI reached a particular result due to the complexity of algorithms such as artificial neural networks. Because we are dealing with human lives here. The challenge of human decision-making is also raised. The use of medical automation processes can reach the point where AI judgment is pitted against human judgment. Relying on AI for diagnostic or treatment decisions raises questions about the role of humans. Although the use of processing power and big data reduces the error rate of AI results, who will be responsible if AI makes a mistake?

Abstract Recent advancements in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology have revolutionized the field of gene therapy, particularly in the context of cancer treatment. CRISPR-Cas9, a powerful genome-editing tool, enables precise modifications to the DNA of cancer cells, offering new avenues for targeted therapy. This technology allows for the knockout of oncogenes, activation of tumor suppressor genes, and engineering of immune cells to enhance their anti-tumor activity. Additionally, CRISPR-based screens have facilitated the identification of novel therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms in various cancer types. Despite its potential, challenges such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency, and immune responses remain significant hurdles. Recent innovations, including base editing, prime editing, and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), are addressing these limitations, enhancing the specificity and safety of CRISPR applications. Furthermore, the integration of CRISPR with other therapeutic modalities, such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy, holds promise for synergistic effects in combating cancer. This review highlights the transformative impact of CRISPR technology on cancer gene therapy, discusses current advancements, and explores future directions to overcome existing barriers, ultimately paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.

Abstract Backgrounds: The aim of the preset study was to evaluate the effect of mindfulness interventions on psychological detachment from work.

Methods: MEDLINE (PubMed and Ovid), Web of Science and Scopus were among the international databases searched for relevant study keywords up to December 2024 for this systematic review and meta-analysis. This study included RCT studies published in English. STATA/MP. Data were analyzed using v17 software.

Results: Six studies included in present meta-analysis. The mean differences of psychological detachment scores between the mindfulness intervention before and after the intervention were 0.97 (MD = 0.97; 95% CI = [0.85–1.10]; p < 0.01; I2 = 88.59%; p<0.01).

Conclusion: two, six and eight-week mindfulness-based interventions can effectively extent improve psychological detachment.

Abstract One of these new concepts that was created with the increasing development of medical science and biological knowledge was “Regenerative Medicine”, which is referred to as the medicine of the future. It has been less than 20 years since the concept of regenerative medicine entered the medical field and has become one of the areas of interest of universities, research centers, and biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Regenerative medicine seeks to find new methods of preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases, so that it can move from traditional medicine that works around the diagnosis and treatment with chemical and, to some extent, biotechnological drugs, towards individual-centered medicine and even precision medicine, for which biological products and drugs will play an important role. Despite the extensive advances in medical science, a significant number of human diseases are still incurable and only the symptoms of the disease are controlled. Therefore, regenerative medicine tries to treat these diseases definitively by using the same tools that the body naturally uses to repair damaged tissues and organs. These tools include: body cells, the material that surrounds cells in their natural habitat, and molecules that affect cells. Stem cells are one type of cell used in this field and have received special attention due to their great ability to transform into other cells and repair damaged areas. Stem cells play a major role in the development of organisms from the embryonic period and these cells can be identified in body tissues both during the embryonic period and after birth and are responsible for maintaining cellular balance in the normal state as well as during the process of repairing a tissue after disease.

Abstract The present study examined the iodine diet in patients with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a serious disease that occurs due to dysfunction of the thyroid gland and increased production of thyroid hormone. This disease is usually treated with ant thyroid drugs and, if necessary, surgery. However, a healthy diet can also have a positive effect on improving the health of patients and their condition. For this reason, experts usually recommend that patients with hyperthyroidism follow a diet suitable for hyperthyroidism, along with other treatment options. The amount of radioactive iodine used to control thyroid diseases can vary depending on the individual's disease, so that in some diseases the dose can be without side effects. A proper diet can take steps to eliminate substances that aggravate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism and help improve the symptoms of the disease. A major problem in the diet of people with hyperthyroidism is controlling the amount of iodine intake. In some cases, doctors believe that the presence of excessive amounts of iodine can be effective in cases of hyperthyroidism, and therefore controlling the amount of iodine in the diet can help relieve the symptoms of the disease. The results showed that hyperthyroidism can cause obvious weight loss and make it difficult to gain weight. This is because the body's metabolism increases in this disease. The obvious connection between diet and hyperthyroidism is the presence of iodine in the diet. There are many reasons for the belief that iodine can increase the likelihood of developing hyperthyroidism. On the other hand, Graves' disease has an interesting connection with gluten. Diet can be useful for minimizing the damage caused by hyperthyroidism, especially brittle bones.

Abstract Anywhere in the body may undergo extensive changes and be at risk of developing a tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging can be performed on the liver, bile, pancreas, spleen, uterus, ovary, and prostate and can reveal many problems in the body.Because radio waves are used in magnetic resonance imaging, the side effects of MRI are usually not significant. However, sometimes contrast dye can cause side effects such as skin rashes, headaches, and dizziness.For the following groups, this type of imaging is not prescribed and is dangerous:Normal imaging in pregnant women (in the first trimester) and the use of contrast material during pregnancy is prohibited; People who have had an allergic reaction to contrast material in the past; People who have any kind of metal in their body. In order to be able to examine how MRI is performed, we simultaneously examine care in three time periods, before, during, and after MRI: If you have a question about what to eat before MRI, pay attention to the fact that you should be completely fasting for about 4 hours before the imaging (the meaning of ''Unknown'' is that you should even refrain from drinking water, smoking, and chewing Avoid chewing gum too). In some cases, you may be asked not to eat or drink anything for 4 hours before the scan. Sometimes you may be asked to drink a lot of water before the scan, depending on the opinion of the doctor and imaging technician. You will usually be asked to stop taking medications in consultation with your doctor.