Eurasian Journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research

Abstract Background: Granulomatous-mastitis(GM) is a rare, benign, and inflammatory breast disease that often mimics other breast conditions. It is primarily diagnosed through clinical evaluation and imaging modalities such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aims to assess the clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of GM using Gray Scale B Mode ultrasound, Color Doppler ultrasound, Shear Wave Elastography(SWE).

Methods:A total of 40 patients with histologically confirmed GM were enrolled in this study. Clinical data were collected regarding demographic details, symptoms, and signs. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed using Gray Scale B Mode, Color Doppler, and SWE. The Gray Scale B Mode ultrasound assessed lesion morphology, echo patterns, and posterior acoustic features. Color Doppler ultrasound provided information about vascular patterns, while SWE evaluated tissue stiffness and elasticity.

Results:The mean age of the patients was 36.5 ± 5.0 years. The most common clinical presentation was a palpable mass (72.5%), followed by pain (55%) and tenderness (10%). Ultrasonographic findings showed irregular masses in 87.5% of patients, with a mixed echo pattern being the most frequent (82.5%). Color Doppler ultrasound revealed visible vascularity in 95% of the lesions, with peripheral vascularity being predominant (87.5%). SWE measurements indicated moderate stiffness in GM lesions, with a mean stiffness of 17.74 ± 4.13 kPa. A significant positive correlation was found between Doppler ultrasound peak systolic velocity (PSV) and SWE values (Emax, Emin, and Emean), suggesting that highly vascularized areas of GM lesions may exhibit increased stiffness due to fibrosis.

Conclusion: This study highlights the utility of advanced imaging techniques, including Gray Scale B Mode ultrasound, Color Doppler ultrasound, and Shear Wave Elastography, in the evaluation of granulomatous mastitis. The results demonstrate that GM typically presents with irregular masses, mixed echo patterns, and increased vascularity. SWE offers additional insights into the stiffness of the lesion, which may indicate fibrosis.

Abstract Introduction: Nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) face high levels of stress due to frequent exposure to critical and end-of-life situations. This can result in death anxiety and poor sleep quality, both of which negatively affect their well-being and job performance. This study investigates the relationship between death anxiety and sleep quality among ICU nurses in West Azerbaijan.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 ICU nurses selected through stratified random sampling from hospitals in West Azerbaijan. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation and multiple regression, was performed to examine the relationship between death anxiety and sleep quality. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: The mean death anxiety score among nurses was 37.5 ± 8.9, with female nurses reporting significantly higher scores than male nurses (39.2 ± 8.7 vs. 33.8 ± 9.2, p < 0.001). The average PSQI score was 9.3 ± 3.4, indicating poor sleep quality in 73% of participants. A positive correlation was found between death anxiety and PSQI scores (r = 0.56, p < 0.001), and death anxiety was a significant predictor of poor sleep quality (β = 0.42, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study highlights a strong association between death anxiety and poor sleep quality among ICU nurses. Addressing these issues through training, supportive work environments, and mental health interventions is essential to enhance nurses' well-being and patient care quality.

Abstract This study investigates the chemical and mechanical properties of advanced composite materials and their potential applications in the medical field. By analyzing various composite formulations, we assess their tensile strength, elasticity, and biocompatibility, which are critical for medical applications such as implants, prosthetics, and drug delivery systems. The interplay between the chemical composition and mechanical performance is explored to determine optimal material combinations that meet the rigorous demands of biomedical applications. Our findings highlight the significant potential of these composites in enhancing patient outcomes through improved durability and functionality in medical devices. This research paves the way for future innovations in medical technology, emphasizing the importance of material science in healthcare advancements.

Abstract This study conducts a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of pharmaceuticals utilized in intensive care units (ICUs) across hospitals. The objective is to assess the economic viability of commonly prescribed drugs in critical care settings, considering both their therapeutic efficacy and financial implications. Data were gathered from ICU patients, including drug consumption, treatment outcomes, and associated costs. The analysis involved calculating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for each drug, comparing it with standard treatment protocols. Results indicate a significant variance in cost-effectiveness among the drugs, with certain therapies providing optimal clinical outcomes at lower costs. The findings suggest that strategic drug selection based on cost-effectiveness could optimize resource allocation in ICUs, improving patient outcomes while minimizing expenditures. This research highlights the importance of integrating economic evaluation into clinical decision-making in critical care environments.

Abstract Pharmaceutical procurement and budgeting are critical aspects of financial management in hospitals, directly influencing their ability to provide quality care while controlling costs. Rising drug prices, regulatory challenges, supply chain disruptions, and inefficient procurement practices present significant hurdles for hospital administrators. Efficient management of pharmaceutical expenditures is vital not only for the financial sustainability of healthcare institutions but also for ensuring that essential medications are available to patients in a timely and cost-effective manner. This paper examines the challenges faced by hospitals in pharmaceutical procurement and budgeting, with a focus on rising drug costs, regulatory compliance, and supply chain vulnerabilities. It also discusses strategies that can be employed to optimize pharmaceutical purchasing, such as centralized procurement systems, bulk purchasing agreements, technology integration, evidence-based decision-making, and the promotion of generics and biosimilars. By adopting these strategies, hospitals can better manage their pharmaceutical budgets, ensure access to necessary medications, and maintain financial stability. This study provides insights into how hospitals can balance cost-control measures with high-quality care, ultimately leading to more efficient and sustainable healthcare systems.