Original Article
Medicine
Mohsen Nabiuni; Jaber Hatam; Maryam Milanifard; Elham Seidkhani; Amin Jahanbakhshi
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is the result of damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord and often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other parts and functions of the body such as digestion, urination and blood circulation. The peripheral nervous system ...
Read More
Peripheral neuropathy is the result of damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord and often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other parts and functions of the body such as digestion, urination and blood circulation. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for sending information from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. Also, peripheral nerves send sensory information to the central nervous system. Peripheral neuropathy can be caused by severe injuries, infections, metabolic problems, hereditary causes, and exposure to toxic substances, one of the most common causes of which is diabetes. People with peripheral neuropathy usually experience throbbing, burning, or tingling pain, and in many cases, symptoms improve. Especially if the cause is a treatable problem. Medicine can also reduce the pain of peripheral neuropathy. There are different types of peripheral neuropathy caused by different causes. These cases range from carpal tunnel syndrome to nerve damage due to diabetes. All types of peripheral neuropathy as a group are especially common in people over 55 years of age. This condition affects 3-4% of people in this group. Neuropathies are usually categorized based on the problems they cause and their causes. There are also terms that indicate how severe the nerve damage is.
Original Article
Medicine
Mahboubeh Pazoki; Pegah Joghataie; Omolbanin Asadi Ghadikolaei; Sina Shojaei; Marjan Hajahmadi; Mohsen Taghavi Shavazi
Abstract
Objective: Cardiac thromboses are not uncommon, but right atrial thromboses are extremely rare. Methods: This study is a systematic study. 1541 articles were analyzed based on keywords and according to pubmed, scopus, web of science and embase databases. After removing duplicates, 964 articles remained. ...
Read More
Objective: Cardiac thromboses are not uncommon, but right atrial thromboses are extremely rare. Methods: This study is a systematic study. 1541 articles were analyzed based on keywords and according to pubmed, scopus, web of science and embase databases. After removing duplicates, 964 articles remained. Finally, after reviewing the articles according to the title and abstract, 906 articles were removed and only 58 articles were included in the study and analyzed. Results: After the investigations, the results showed that in the studies, surgical treatments and anticoagulation and thrombolysis treatments were used to treat patients. Discussion: Finally, according to the data obtained from this study, it has been shown that the use of anticoagulation and thrombolysis treatment methods compared to surgical treatment for the treatment of patients can be associated with fewer complications for them. The use of surgery as the first treatment option can be combined with the use of antibiotics to prevent infection in patients. Therefore, the type of treatment can be chosen based on the clinical process and clinical symptoms of the patients.
Original Article
Covid
Hamidreza Alizadeh Otaghvar; Siavash Mahdigholizad; Mohammadhossein Khanmohammadi kalkhoran; Tara Motamedi; Ali Akbar Jafarian; Reza Salehi; Mohammad Javad Motamedi
Abstract
amnion implantation in the operating room on children's acute second degree burn wounds in patients referred to Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023. Study method: In this cross-sectional study, which retrospectively examines the results of amniocentesis in children referred to Shahid Motahari ...
Read More
amnion implantation in the operating room on children's acute second degree burn wounds in patients referred to Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023. Study method: In this cross-sectional study, which retrospectively examines the results of amniocentesis in children referred to Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023, patient records are examined to collect information. Findings: The information of 203 children under 16 years of age who underwent amniocentesis in Shahid Motahari hospital with 2nd degree burns between 2022 and the end of December 1401 were analyzed. Their average age was 4.86±3.937. 59.6% of the subjects were boys and 40.4% were girls. The average duration of hospitalization was 6.62±4.483 days. 96.1% of the burns happened at home, 1.9% in the park and 1.5% in the street. The frequency of burn percentage of patients is 37.4% in the range of 10-19%, 29.1% in the range of 20-29%, 20.7% in the range of 0-9%, 11.3% in the range of 30-39%, 1% in the range of 40-49%. and 0.5% was in the range of 50-59%. 64.5% of children with boiling water, 12.8% with food, 7.9% with gasoline, 4.4% with flames, 3% with alcohol, 2.5% with gas canisters, 2% with city gas, 2% with flammable materials, 0.5% with coal. And 0.5% were burned by a hot object. 75.4% of patients had trunk burns, 68.5% had arm and forearm burns, 50.7% had head and neck burns, 48.8% had thigh and leg burns, 35% had hand burns, 12.8% had leg burns, and 2% had whole body burns. 20.7% of patients needed grafting during hospitalization. Out of 131 people who suffered scald burns, 27 people needed grafting. Out of 26 people who suffered food burns, 3 people needed grafting. Out of 16 people who were burned with gasoline, 6 people needed grafting.
Original Article
Chemical Engineering
Amin Ahmadpour; Mehdi Jalali
Abstract
Most of the equipment used in material transportation industries, chemical and non-chemical process industries, and even most military equipment use metal base structures. Corrosion of metals, destruction of metal structure or basic alloy is an obvious thing, the consequences of which may be economic, ...
Read More
Most of the equipment used in material transportation industries, chemical and non-chemical process industries, and even most military equipment use metal base structures. Corrosion of metals, destruction of metal structure or basic alloy is an obvious thing, the consequences of which may be economic, human, environmental, or in general, the collection of these losses. All these unpleasant consequences stem from several factors, one of the most important and main mechanisms is the phenomenon of corrosion of metal atoms (loss of valence layer electrons of the metal in the presence of oxidizing agents) and their transformation into ions, which are forced to leave the metal structures and entering the surrounding solution or electrolyte. These phenomena lead to the loss of metal mass, which can manifest itself as a decrease in overall thickness (uniform corrosion) and progressive holes in the depth of the metal (pitting corrosion). In general, corrosion is the cause of mechanical failure and the reduction of structural strength is a target process, because its effects cause the equipment to be destroyed and taken out of service against a mechanical stress higher than the threshold of tolerance, followed by economic losses, human casualties and the environment biologically obtained. Historically, researchers and engineers have always faced the phenomenon of corrosion, and depending on the era in which they lived and the level of science and technology at that time, they used one of the methods to protect the surface against corrosion and other destructive mechanisms of the equipment's materials. Covering the surface with a resistant layer against the penetration and attacks of corrosive and destructive agents is one of the most traditional methods of protecting materials against the destructive behavior of the environment that surrounds a device during its lifetime.
Review Article
Chemistry
Elahe Dolati; Jalal Nourmohammadi; Hediyeh Mesbahi
Abstract
Introduction: Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for all types of cancer. But like other treatments, it often causes side effects. Using strong chemical drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells can also affect healthy cells and cause problems for the patient. Some side effects are short-lived ...
Read More
Introduction: Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for all types of cancer. But like other treatments, it often causes side effects. Using strong chemical drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells can also affect healthy cells and cause problems for the patient. Some side effects are short-lived and others may have long-term effects. The side effects of chemotherapy can be different for each person and it depends on the type of cancer, its location, drugs and their dosage, and the general health status of the patient. Methods: In total, 35 articles with a time limit of the last 5 years were obtained by deleting 9 articles whose full text Not available; finally, 26 articles were included in the study. Results: The side effects that chemotherapy drugs may cause in the body depend on the drug composition and the severity of the body's reaction to the drug. The side effects of chemotherapy drugs are temporary and transient, and the patient does not suffer from all side effects. Therefore, mentioning the complications is only for the purpose of knowing them better and knowing the appropriate solution to deal with it. Conclusion: Many side effects of chemotherapy can be minimized by timely diagnosis, correct adjustment of drug dosage and preventive measures. It is also necessary to improve the level of awareness of the patient and his family regarding the complications caused by the need for chemotherapy in order to help manage the complications.
Original Article
Medicine
Amir Abbas Esmaeilzadeh; Fatemeh Nasirzadeh
Abstract
The uterus is a hollow and pear-shaped organ in the pelvic area, located between the bladder and the rectum and covered by a tissue called the endometrium. The endometrium is made every month in the uterus, which is removed from the body during menstruation. Also, there are two tubes on both sides of ...
Read More
The uterus is a hollow and pear-shaped organ in the pelvic area, located between the bladder and the rectum and covered by a tissue called the endometrium. The endometrium is made every month in the uterus, which is removed from the body during menstruation. Also, there are two tubes on both sides of the uterus, which are known as fallopian tubes. The task of these tubes is to release eggs and guide them into the uterus for fertilization. In the cervix, if there are abnormal cells that grow abnormally, uterine cancer occurs. This cancer can be treated if detected early. Ultrasound is one of the common methods for imaging the internal parts of the body. Among the applications of this treatment method, we can mention the diagnosis of uterine cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most curable cancers. The necessary condition for the treatment of this cancer is to detect it on time and in the early stages. According to the report of the American Cancer Society, the higher the screening rate with pap smear tests, the lower the mortality from cervical cancer. Regular Pap smear tests are one of the most important and effective prevention methods to detect cells at risk of becoming cancerous. Getting the HPV vaccine and doing regular pap smear screenings can help you reduce the risk of cervical cancer.
Original Article
Covid
Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: TXA may lessen the need for hysterectomy, lessen the risk of developing severe anemia, and prevent the need for blood transfusions, all of which could significantly advance the objective of lowering maternal mortality, according to several RCTs that have examined the prophylactic role of ...
Read More
Introduction: TXA may lessen the need for hysterectomy, lessen the risk of developing severe anemia, and prevent the need for blood transfusions, all of which could significantly advance the objective of lowering maternal mortality, according to several RCTs that have examined the prophylactic role of the drug (described in the discussion). Material and Methods: To make TXA injection, 1 gram (10ml) of TXA was diluted in 100ml of sterile saline. To those in the study group, TXA was infused intravenously for more than 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes before making a skin incision. The control group received no medication at all. All of the participants received spinal anesthesia. Surgery was performed by assistant professors with an MD degree and at least three years of experience. Results: Primary outcomes included blood loss from placental delivery to the conclusion of surgery and the percentage of hemoglobin difference, while secondary outcomes included the length of surgery and the percentage of patients who lost more than 500 ml of blood. There was a significant difference between the two groups in these primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusion: TXA significantly decreased the amount of blood lost during LSCS. Being in a hypercoagulable state during pregnancy increases the risk of thrombotic events. However, there were no negative side effects or complications in the first few weeks after delivery when this antifibrinolytic was used. So, when subjects are undergoing LSCS, TXA can be applied effectively and safely.
Original Article
Health
Ghazal Tanzifi; Amirhossein Ahmadi Vand Koshki
Abstract
Fortunately, with the advancement of medical science and early diagnosis of many types of cancer, we can hope for its complete treatment. Some believe that cancer is a disease that occurs mostly in elderly people. Although most of the time they are right, but many young people also get cancer. A large ...
Read More
Fortunately, with the advancement of medical science and early diagnosis of many types of cancer, we can hope for its complete treatment. Some believe that cancer is a disease that occurs mostly in elderly people. Although most of the time they are right, but many young people also get cancer. A large number of researchers around the world are working to find the best and newest way to treat cancer. Among these researchers, some of them are trying to reduce the medical and therapeutic wastes that cause the patients a lot of pain. One of the important side effects of radiotherapy is the destruction of healthy cells and damage to the skin, which causes secretions, wounds and skin necrosis. Currently, to prevent these wastes, dozang oxide cream or ointment is used, which has not been seen to have a good effect. Fortunately, there is a lot of information in modern and ancient medicine related to the healing properties of aloe plant, including the healing of skin wounds, burns, sunburn, and skin inflammation, which facilitates its use in modern medicine. Radiotherapy in high doses destroys cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA has been damaged beyond repair will stop dividing and die. When damaged cells die, they are broken down and removed by the body. Radiotherapy does not kill cancer cells immediately. It takes days or weeks for the treatment to damage the DNA enough to kill the cancer cells. Then, cancer cells continue to die for weeks or months after the end of radiation therapy.
Original Article
Chemical Engineering
Rozita Kaviani; Amir Arezi
Abstract
The ability of pinch technology to provide a general approach to process design and analysis, but it is incapable of analyzing systems that include power in addition to heat. On the other hand, exergy analysis The main limitation of exergy analysis is the lack of a comprehensive system design method. ...
Read More
The ability of pinch technology to provide a general approach to process design and analysis, but it is incapable of analyzing systems that include power in addition to heat. On the other hand, exergy analysis The main limitation of exergy analysis is the lack of a comprehensive system design method. The combined analysis of punch and exergy, obtained from combining the two mentioned methods, uses both methods to remove both methods’ limitations. In this article, by introducing the Ahvaz Ramin power plant as the studied power plant, an attempt has been made to identify and examine effective improvements using the CPEA(Combined pinch and Exergy Analysis) method. Three proposed correction scenarios have been used to optimize the power plant: 1- Approaching the pins, 2- Increasing the steam in the boiler 3- Decreasing the condenser pressure. The results show that it is possible to increase the studied power plant’s efficiency by about 1.7% by using this method. The fuel consumption of 1569 cubic meters per hour reduces emissions by about 1.7 percent (equivalent to 20 tons per hour). Therefore, the production of pollutants is significantly reduced. Thermoflow software (Steam Pro) simulated the power plant and Aspen Pinch software for CPEA analysis.
Original Article
Chemistry
Rozita Kaviani
Abstract
The present research specializes in the second law analysis to characterize the balances of properties and efficiencies of processes occurring in nuclear reactions. The conceptual schema is underpinned by the paradigm of microscopic few-particle systems and the inter-particle kinetic energy and binding ...
Read More
The present research specializes in the second law analysis to characterize the balances of properties and efficiencies of processes occurring in nuclear reactions. The conceptual schema is underpinned by the paradigm of microscopic few-particle systems and the inter-particle kinetic energy and binding potential energy determined by interactions among atomic nuclei and subatomic particles in non-equilibrium states along with irreversible phenomena. The proposed thermodynamic entropy calculation is based on energy and exergy, both being measurable properties used to directly derive entropy variations determined by elemental fission and fusion nuclear reactions in operating industrial plants. The interest in developing second law analysis founded on exergy method applied to fission and fusion nuclear reactions can be found in: i) the observation of physical phenomena and nuclear processes through a thermodynamic standpoint; ii) the need of adopting a more extended approach to nuclear reactors design in the perspective of the optimization and confrontation of different types of technologies and plant configurations
Original Article
Chemical Engineering
Amin Ahmadpour; Masoud Rafiee
Abstract
Propylene is the second most widely product in the world after ethylene. The amount of propylene produced by steam cracking processes as the first source of ethylene and propylene production is limited. New methods of propylene production (dehydrogenation of propane, conversion of methanol to olefins, ...
Read More
Propylene is the second most widely product in the world after ethylene. The amount of propylene produced by steam cracking processes as the first source of ethylene and propylene production is limited. New methods of propylene production (dehydrogenation of propane, conversion of methanol to olefins, conversion of methanol to propylene, etc.) can supply some of its growing demands. The intermediate conversion processes of olefins can meet part of the market demand by converting some of the lighter or heavier olefins from thermal cracking furnaces and by increasing the amount of propylene product. In this paper, we study the technology and economics of several catalytic cracking processes of C4 to C8 carbon olefins. The processes investigated in this report for the catalytic conversion of the by-product of heavier olefins to propylene include Omega, OCP, Superflex, Propylur, and MOI processes.
Review Article
Medicine
Hamid Owaysee Osquee; Sanaz Yasrebinia
Abstract
Introduction: One of the biggest challenges is to reduce inflammation without compromising the patient's proper immune response. In this hypothesis, science should focus on medicine and nutrition. The importance of proper nutritional status and eating habits has been widely recognized in the Covid-19 ...
Read More
Introduction: One of the biggest challenges is to reduce inflammation without compromising the patient's proper immune response. In this hypothesis, science should focus on medicine and nutrition. The importance of proper nutritional status and eating habits has been widely recognized in the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study answers the question of what is the role of nutrition on Covid-19 in pediatric. Methodology: The present study is a systematic review that was conducted during the third quarter of 2022 at Tabriz university of medical sciences. Therefore, at first the keywords were determined and then the search was performed among all Persian and English language databases. Results: The covid-19 epidemic has had a wide impact on the health, economy and livelihood of people in the past and has caused sudden changes in the way of life of people through social distance and quarantine at home with irreparable mental consequences. Optimizing public health during this epidemic requires not only the knowledge of medical and biological sciences, but also all sciences related to lifestyle, social and behavioral studies, including food habits and lifestyle. Conclusion: Changing the eating style and choosing a healthy diet rich in nutrients can lead to strengthening the immune system and overcoming diseases, including corona disease.
Original Article
Samad Eslam Jamal Golzari; Hamzeh Hosseinzadeh; Parichehr Mazuji
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to test the theory that elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery have impaired microvascular perfusion, which recovers following the administration of phenylephrine and ephedrine. Material and Methods: Patients were divided into ...
Read More
Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to test the theory that elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery have impaired microvascular perfusion, which recovers following the administration of phenylephrine and ephedrine. Material and Methods: Patients were divided into one of the two groups using a random number sheet produced by computer software. Anesthetist sealed the opaque envelope with the random number sheet before starting the clinical trial. Ephedrine and N/S were infused into the patients in two different groups. Results: At the time of the phenylephrine injection, the microvascular flow index in the phenylephrine group decreased from 2.89 ±0.16 at baseline to 1.85 ±0.36. At the same time, the number of perfused vessels decreased from 99.16 ±1.74 percent to 64.02± 16.05 percent, and the density of perfused vessels decreased from 16.33± 4.24 mm/mm2 to 10point videos of the sublingual microcirculation''s sidestream dark field images. Three images of the patients'' baseline states, 10 min after anesthesia induction, and 5 min after ephedrine administration have been provided. Images for the phenylephrine group at the same time points have also been provided. Conclusion: MAP decline and sublingual microcirculation changes were observed in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. With the help of phenylephrine and ephedrine, sublingual microcirculation was successfully recovered.
Original Article
Medicine
Hamzeh Hosseinzadeh; Parichehr Mazuji; Samad Eslam Jamal Golzari
Abstract
Introduction: Ephedrine and phenylephrine are the preferred vasopressors for preventing SAIH in the elderly. Our study's goal was to assess how well prophylactic intravenous (IV) ephedrine or N/S infusions prevented hypotension and decreased CO after SA in patients older than 60 undergoing elective orthopedic ...
Read More
Introduction: Ephedrine and phenylephrine are the preferred vasopressors for preventing SAIH in the elderly. Our study's goal was to assess how well prophylactic intravenous (IV) ephedrine or N/S infusions prevented hypotension and decreased CO after SA in patients older than 60 undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Material and Methods: The patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups using sealed envelope randomization for the administration of the prescribed medication. Thirty milliliters of 0.9% NaCl were infused into the C group (control group) 30 minutes after SA. Thirty minutes after SA, the E group (ephedrine group) received a continuous infusion of 30 ml of 0.9% NaCl and 20 mg of ephedrine. Following SA, a volumetric IV pump was used to begin the infusion of the prescribed treatment medication in all groups. Using the AESCULON, OSYPCA MEDICAL, 2011, monitor, we measured non-invasive blood pressure, non-invasive CO using the thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) method, heart rate, and pulse oximetry (SpO2). Results: A brief statistically significant decrease in MAP was observed in the P group 10 and 20 minutes after the block, but by the time the measurements were complete, MAP had nearly reached baseline levels. In the E group, MAP was preserved following SA. At the conclusion of the measurements, there were no differences between the P and E group, but the decrease in MAP was noticeably greater in the C group than the E and P group. In the C and P groups, CI after SA decreased non-significantly, while in the E group, CI significantly increased after SA. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research demonstrates that we can maintain MAP following SA by combining the Ringers solution infusion with an infusion of ephedrine or phenylephrine.
Review Article
Medicine
Hamid Owaysee Osquee; Ali Reza Lotfi
Abstract
Examining laboratory parameters to determine acute or less severe cases of mucormycosis after contracting covid-19, identifying patients who are at higher risk of mortality, and increasing awareness for proper practice will be useful in improving the clinical situation. So we decided to Investigate Factors ...
Read More
Examining laboratory parameters to determine acute or less severe cases of mucormycosis after contracting covid-19, identifying patients who are at higher risk of mortality, and increasing awareness for proper practice will be useful in improving the clinical situation. So we decided to Investigate Factors Affecting Mortality From mucormycosis After Covid-19 Infection. Methods: This study was a systematic review (Conducted by PRISMA guideline). This study was conducted in Tabriz university of medical sciences in 2022. Results: From examining the results of these studies (15 studies), it was found that mortality was higher in patients hospitalized in ICU and general wards, and a significant difference was observed between the average age of recovered and deceased patients. Having high blood pressure as well as diabetes mellitus also significantly led to an increase in mortality. Conclusion: Hospitalization in the intensive care unit, advanced age, high severity of covid-19, high blood sugar and underlying diseases significantly increase the risk of death due to mucormycosis following covid-19.
Original Article
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
To evaluate the work of the left ventricular muscle, aortic and mitral valves or open coronary arteries. This method is used to assess the patient's condition before and after heart surgery. In both left and right heart catheterization methods, there is a possibility of allergic reaction to the contrast ...
Read More
To evaluate the work of the left ventricular muscle, aortic and mitral valves or open coronary arteries. This method is used to assess the patient's condition before and after heart surgery. In both left and right heart catheterization methods, there is a possibility of allergic reaction to the contrast agent in the form of nausea, vomiting, flushing, burning sensation, numbness, hives and itchy skin. Anaphylactic shock rarely occurs, so after the use of osmotic diuretics and hydration of the patient helps to expel the contrast agent faster. The patient should fast for 8-12 hours. Tell the client to lie on a firm bed for about 2 hours, give a sedative usually diazepam (5 to 10 mg) and diphenhydramine (25 to 50 mg), and stop taking anticoagulants such as warfarin 48 hours before. Work or only patient PT is 18 seconds. Explanation to the patient There is a strong desire to cough (catheterization of the heart) when the contrast agent is injected. Sudden onset of urination and urination, which resolves within a few minutes. Control vital signs of having an open and suitable vessel, measuring height and weight to calculate the appropriate amount of medication. Explain to the patient that he or she will sometimes feel a throbbing sensation in the chest. This palpitation is due to the extrasystoles that appear, especially when the tip of the catheter hits the ventricular wall. The patient is asked to cough or take deep breaths, especially after the contrast agent is injected. Coughing may interrupt the dysrhythmia and also help the contrast material to pass through the arteries.
Original Article
Covid
James Beki
Abstract
The term coronary artery disease (CAD) is a general term for disease conditions that cause blockage of coronary blood flow. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease. Major problems arising from abnormal blood flow to the heart muscle include angina pectoris, ...
Read More
The term coronary artery disease (CAD) is a general term for disease conditions that cause blockage of coronary blood flow. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease. Major problems arising from abnormal blood flow to the heart muscle include angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Any factor that affects the blood flow to the coronary arteries can lead to anemia. Manifestations of cardiac anemia occur when the heart needs more oxygen than the amount of oxygen available to the heart. The most common cause of this supply and demand imbalance is persistent stenosis within the coronary artery. In most cases, the reduction in flow is due to structural changes inside the artery, which leads to narrowing of the duct inside the artery. One of the most important of these factors is atherosclerosis or atherosclerosis. Other causes of embolism, trauma or direct injury, inflammation of the coronary arteries during systemic diseases such as syphilis, lupus, etc. can cause coronary artery stenosis and obstruction, but in 99% of cases it is the cause of obstructive lesions of arthroscrosis.
Original Article
Covid
Mahmoud Ali Hassan
Abstract
The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Signs and symptoms of angina pectoris appear when one or more coronary arteries are more than 75% blocked. Angina pectoris is derived from the Greek word meaning chest compression. The presence of angina indicates cardiac ischemia. ...
Read More
The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Signs and symptoms of angina pectoris appear when one or more coronary arteries are more than 75% blocked. Angina pectoris is derived from the Greek word meaning chest compression. The presence of angina indicates cardiac ischemia. Ischemia was associated with short-term angina. It does not lead to permanent damage to the heart muscle tissue, but it is nevertheless a life-threatening factor and can further lead to dysrhythmia and myocardial infarction. Angina pectoris is caused by a temporary ischemia caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of oxygen required by the heart muscle. Angina pain is often relieved by rest and consumption of nitroglycerin and its accompanying symptoms include: shortness of breath, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, sweating, paleness, weakness and syncope may be associated with Angina to be seen. Contact with cold and drinking cold liquids causes the arteries to constrict, reduces coronary blood flow, and increases the myocardial need for oxygen. Eating too much food reduces coronary blood flow and increases myocardial oxygen demand due to the diversion of blood to the gastrointestinal tract. Stress and anxiety, accompanied by the release of catecholamines into the bloodstream, increase blood pressure and increase heart rate and increase myocardial oxygen demand.
Original Article
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
It is a surgical procedure in which blood vessels from another part of the body are blocked into an artery, thereby removing the blocked flow path and opening a bypass in the area of the coronary occlusion, and blood flowing down the stenosis with this graft again. Is established. That is why it is called ...
Read More
It is a surgical procedure in which blood vessels from another part of the body are blocked into an artery, thereby removing the blocked flow path and opening a bypass in the area of the coronary occlusion, and blood flowing down the stenosis with this graft again. Is established. That is why it is called a bypass link. Several factors are involved in performing CABG. The number of coronary arteries involved, the degree of failure with left ventricular dysfunction, the presence of other health problems, the patient's symptoms, and the history of treatment. Patients who have drug-resistant unstable angina, chronic stable angina with acute complications that disrupt the patient's life, patients who have positive exercise test and radioisotope scan in addition to angina, patients who have obvious narrowing of the main coronary artery They have the left. Patients with all three major coronary arteries involved. The lower saphenous vein of the knee is mostly used because it is similar in diameter to the coronary arteries and is removed through a longitudinal incision in the inner surface of the leg and thigh and separating its branches. The vein is then examined for sclerosis.
Original Article
Covid
Amirhossein Ahmadivand Koshki; Ghazal Tanzifi
Abstract
Radiotherapy may help achieve different treatment goals. For example, it may increase the effectiveness of surgery, help prevent cancer from spreading, or reduce symptoms of advanced cancer. Most radiation therapy devices use photon beams. Photons are also used in X-rays, but at lower doses. Photon beams ...
Read More
Radiotherapy may help achieve different treatment goals. For example, it may increase the effectiveness of surgery, help prevent cancer from spreading, or reduce symptoms of advanced cancer. Most radiation therapy devices use photon beams. Photons are also used in X-rays, but at lower doses. Photon beams can reach tumors deep in the body. When photon beams pass through the body, they scatter some radiation along the way. These rays do not stop once they reach the tumor, but also go to the normal tissue. Radiation therapy is one of the types of cancer treatment methods that uses high-energy particles or waves such as X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams or by using a certain type of energy to stop the growth and division of cancer cells. As a result, the cell will gradually shrink and die. The goal of radiation therapy is to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to healthy cells, but sometimes this treatment also damages healthy cells adjacent to the cancer tissue, or stops them from growing and dividing by destroying their DNA. Also, radiotherapy can be part of the treatment and prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove the malignant tumor. Radiation therapy increases the effect of chemotherapy and is used in sensitive tumors before, after and simultaneously with chemotherapy.
)
