Health
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
The present study systematically investigated the relationship between sex hormones and leptin in men. In this study, 70 articles were reviewed and the subject was investigated by searching the words "Leptin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex hormone". Leptin is a hormone derived from adipose tissue ...
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The present study systematically investigated the relationship between sex hormones and leptin in men. In this study, 70 articles were reviewed and the subject was investigated by searching the words "Leptin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex hormone". Leptin is a hormone derived from adipose tissue that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are among the complications of obesity. Hyperinsulinemia is one of the factors that seems to affect the leptin hormone level. Few studies have investigated the relationship between leptin and insulin resistance in obesity in children and adolescents. Leptin is made by fat cells, and for this reason, with the presence of these cells and the increase in messaging, when the leptin hormone increases, the message of satiety is sent to the brain; As a result, the person reduces his food consumption. However, sometimes due to the excessive increase of leptin caused by eating sweet and fructose-containing foods, the brain loses its sensitivity to the leptin hormone and does not receive the message of satiety. For this reason, leptin hormone and obesity are related to each other; But their relationship cannot be considered linearly. In many cases, after testing the obesity hormone leptin, the doctor concludes that a person who is overweight has developed a strong resistance to the hormone leptin; Therefore, by prescribing some solutions, such as reducing the amount of fruit consumption, increasing the regularity and hours of rest and sleep, reducing the consumption of sugary foods and changing the diet, as well as consuming enough water, it tries to increase the sensitivity of the brain to the leptin hormone. The results of the recent study showed that the relationship between leptin and insulin resistance was weak and after controlling for body mass index, the relationship disappeared.
Covid
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
In this article, the Effects of esreradiol on leptin and other factors as investigated. Gonadal hormones potently control food intake and body weight. In female animals, deactivation effects of estradiol acutely and chronically influence body weight homeostasis. In rats and mice, estrogen exerts a tonic ...
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In this article, the Effects of esreradiol on leptin and other factors as investigated. Gonadal hormones potently control food intake and body weight. In female animals, deactivation effects of estradiol acutely and chronically influence body weight homeostasis. In rats and mice, estrogen exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on meal size and daily food intake throughout the ovarian cycle and a cyclic inhibitory effect during the peri-ovulatory phase. Removal of estrogen leads to changes in meal size and duration, hyperphagia, and obesity. Estrogen has similar effects in humans where it modulates periovulatory decreases in daily food intake. Additionally, reductions in estrogen are associated with changes in body weight and fat distribution in humans, which parallel the findings in animals. Estrogen has the ability to control energy balance, food intake, and body fat distribution and this may be mediated through its interaction with orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones. This review aims to explore these interactions and discuss the link between estrogen and obesity. Differences in adipose mass and distribution and glucose homeostasis in males and females have been attributed at least partly to sex steroids. Menopause is characterized by reduced estrogen production and a shift in adipose distribution from peripheral to central accumulation. Hyper androgenization in polycystic ovarian disease is associated with central (visceral) obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, ERα deficiency resulted in a decrease in energy expenditure with no change in food intake. Estrogen regulates energy balance through the central nervous system, as evidenced by the development of hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure in response to injection of ERα RNAi into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
Covid
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of alternative systematic reviews of insulin resistance and the role of sex steroids on leptin levels. In this study, 80 articles were examined by searching the words "Insulin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex steroids". Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) ...
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The present study is a systematic review of alternative systematic reviews of insulin resistance and the role of sex steroids on leptin levels. In this study, 80 articles were examined by searching the words "Insulin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex steroids". Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) assay is a sequential 2-step immune enzymatic (sandwich) method. The patient sample is added to the reaction vessel along with paramagnetic particles coated with monoclonal antibody against sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and saline buffer with protein. After incubation in a reaction vessel, the materials attached to the solid phase are held in a magnetic field. while unbound materials are washed away. A second monoclonal anti-SHBG antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase is added to the reaction vessel. After the second incubation in the reaction vessel, the material attached to the solid phase is held in a magnetic field while unbound materials are washed away. Next, the chemiluminescent substrate is added to the dish and the light produced by the reaction is measured with a luminometer. Light production is directly proportional to SHBG concentration in the sample. The amount of analyte in the sample is determined from a stored multipoint calibration curve. In men, about 45-65% of blood testosterone is normally bound to SHBG, and the rest is weakly and reversibly bound to albumin (the main blood protein). Only about 2-3% of testosterone is immediately available to tissues as free testosterone, but testosterone that is weakly bound to albumin is also biologically active and can be easily absorbed by body tissues. In women, compared to men, testosterone binds slightly more to SHBG in the blood. In women, SHBG plays an important role in regulating the levels of male sex hormones and estrogens in the body.
