The present study investigates the use of drilling mud and the reasons for its use. Drilling mud is defined as the process of adding or injecting special materials into drilling wells. These materials can be of different types, each of which performs specific tasks. For example, drilling mud materials are composed of materials such as clay, siliceous mud, polymers and chemicals. These materials are responsible for the most important function of drilling mud, which is to stabilize the well. In fact, they act as a barrier to natural materials in the underground and prevent the free flow of oil and gas to the surface. Waste of drilling mud means its waste in the drilling process. Drilling mud is a material that simplifies the process of drilling a well and makes it possible to drain waste from it. There are many different types of drilling muds according to their different characteristics, and they are most widely used in the oil and gas industry, for drilling deep wells, and ultimately for the production of mineral bitumen or natural bitumen. Usually, in any drilling mud, this substance penetrates into the empty spaces inside the formation and causes problems. This problem occurs especially in oil and gas industries and in the early stages of well drilling. The deeper the well in question, the more complicated it will be to drill, and as a result, the drilling mud will be a more important issue. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles to control the properties and characteristics of drilling fluids has created many improvements in this field.