In recent years, the use of electromagnetic waves in human life has increased dramatically. According to statistics in 2012, there are more than four billion mobile phone subscribers. Therefore, there is an essential need to conduct extensive research in order to investigate and evaluate the biological effects of electromagnetic waves. Protecting humans and the environment against the harmful effects of radioactive materials and radiation devices through the establishment of relevant laws and regulations, as well as control and monitoring of their compliance, is called the science of health physics. Radiation protection is actually a profession that protects humans, the environment, and future generations from the biological effects of radiation based on the scientific principles formulated in the science of health physics. Despite the fact that the use of ionizing radiation is very useful and sometimes unique in various matters, failure to observe safety precautions can cause serious risks for employees, people, the environment, and even future generations. The potential dangers of such rays were discovered immediately after the discovery of radioactive materials more than a hundred years ago. With the progress in identifying hazards and the ability to measure ionizing radiation, relevant guidelines regarding protective measures have been expanded and developed. In general, the goal of radiation protection is to use the benefits of using radiation in various fields and reduce as much as possible the risks caused by its effects on employees, people, the environment, and future generations.