Background: Seizures are a significant yet often overlooked complication in cancer patients, influenced by the tumor itself, treatment modalities, and individual patient factors. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between seizures, cancer, and chemotherapy effects, focusing on risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and current therapeutic approaches. Methods: A comprehensive literature review conducted, encompassing studies on the incidence of seizures in various cancer types, the neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and the multifactorial risk factors contributing to seizure development. Additionally, therapeutic strategies and the implications of palliative care in managing seizures evaluated. Results: The incidence of seizures in cancer patients varies significantly depending on tumor location, type, and treatment regimens. Chemotherapeutic agents have shown to exert neurotoxic effects, contributing to seizure activity. Identifying specific risk factors such as age, pre-existing neurological conditions, and type of cancer is crucial for early intervention. Current therapeutic approaches primarily involve the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), although challenges persist due to drug interactions and the side effects of cancer treatments. Conclusion: There is a critical need for further research to better understand the mechanisms underlying seizures in cancer patients and to develop targeted management strategies. A multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, neurologists, and researchers is essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Enhanced understanding and collaboration will facilitate the development of evidence-based guidelines to address the complex needs of this population.