Medicine
Sirhan Soubhak
Abstract
The Herring Brewer reaction is activated by the alveolar stretch receptors and prevents the lungs from dilating too much. Only 3% of oxygen is dissolved in plasma, which is indicated by Fio2, and the rest is dissolved by Hb, which is called oxyhemoglobin. The oxyhemoglobin separation curve shows the ...
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The Herring Brewer reaction is activated by the alveolar stretch receptors and prevents the lungs from dilating too much. Only 3% of oxygen is dissolved in plasma, which is indicated by Fio2, and the rest is dissolved by Hb, which is called oxyhemoglobin. The oxyhemoglobin separation curve shows the relationship between pa02 and sato2. An increase in Co2, a decrease in pH through temperature, and an increase in 2 and 3 diphosphoglycerates cause the curve to shift to the right. Patients are advised to avoid alcohol and anti-depressant drugs and lose weight. If the patient develops hypoxemia and hypercapnia, treatment includes using a positive pressure breathing apparatus or 02 with a visual cannula. CPAP may be used to prevent airway collapse. Usually, medication is recommended. It cannot be used, but medafinil, protrinipillin may be used. Bleeding from the nose is often the site of nosebleeds from the anterior part of the nasal septum, the junction of the three main arteries. Causes include: local infections, systemic infections, nasal inhalers, atherosclerosis, trauma, HTN, thrombocytopenia, aspirin use. Treatment includes: direct pressure at the site of bleeding. The patient is seated with the head to prevent the risk of sinusitis syndrome and toxic shock. The patient should be instructed to avoid heavy work, pushing, tight fins, climbing to heights, and nose injuries. It is also important to provide humidity and prevent the nasal mucosa from drying out.
Medicine
Amir Heydarian; Baharak Najafi Fakhraei Azar
Abstract
Drug poisoning is a critical public health issue with significant implications for morbidity and mortality. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of drug poisoning, focusing on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, management, and treatment. By systematically mapping the existing literature, ...
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Drug poisoning is a critical public health issue with significant implications for morbidity and mortality. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of drug poisoning, focusing on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, management, and treatment. By systematically mapping the existing literature, we aim to identify the current state of knowledge in these areas and highlight gaps for future research. Preliminary findings suggest that drug poisoning affects diverse populations and involves a range of substances, including prescription medications, illicit drugs, and over-the-counter products. The epidemiology of drug poisoning varies across regions, with different patterns of substance use and associated risks. Diagnostic methods for drug poisoning encompass clinical assessment, toxicology screenings, and laboratory tests, with advancements in technology enhancing accuracy and efficiency. Management and treatment strategies for drug poisoning include supportive care, decontamination procedures, antidote administration, and psychotherapy interventions. Despite advancements in understanding drug poisoning, significant gaps remain in the literature. Limited research exists on specific populations, such as pediatric and geriatric patients, and the long-term consequences of drug poisoning. Additionally, more studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of various management and treatment approaches. This scoping review provides a foundation for future research and practice in drug poisoning. By synthesizing the current knowledge on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, management, and treatment, we aim to inform evidence-based interventions and improve patient outcomes.
Medicine
Naser Ghorbanian; Mahmood Eidi
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacological interventions, such as gabapentin, have been utilized to alleviate the symptoms of CTS, but the optimal dosage remains uncertain. This article aims to review and compare the efficacy of two different doses of gabapentin, 100 mg and 300 mg, in the treatment of carpal tunnel ...
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Introduction: Pharmacological interventions, such as gabapentin, have been utilized to alleviate the symptoms of CTS, but the optimal dosage remains uncertain. This article aims to review and compare the efficacy of two different doses of gabapentin, 100 mg and 300 mg, in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. The findings of this review may provide valuable insights for clinicians in selecting the appropriate dosage of gabapentin, balancing the need for pain relief with the potential for adverse effects.Methodology: Following surgery, patients were administered their assigned study medication (100 mg gabapentin, 300 mg gabapentin, or placebo) orally, 1 hour before the procedure. The study medication was prepared by a pharmacist who was not involved in data collection or analysis. Both the patients and the investigators assessing the outcomes were blinded to the treatment assignment.Results: Post hoc analyses using Tukey's test were conducted to assess specific between-group differences in pain scores. At 1 hour postoperative, there was no significant difference in pain scores between the three groups (p>0.05). However, starting from 2 hours postoperative and continuing at all subsequent time points, both the 100 mg and 300 mg gabapentin groups demonstrated significantly lower pain scores compared to the placebo group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that both 100 mg and 300 mg doses of gabapentin are effective in reducing postoperative pain following CTS surgery. The 300 mg dose exhibited superior analgesic efficacy compared to the 100 mg dose, as evidenced by significantly lower pain scores and reduced rescue analgesia consumption.
