Medicine
Leila Mahboobi; Babak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
Abstract
Introduction: FMF is a recurrent inflammatory disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations during the acute phase of the disease. Abdominal pain, chest pain, joint involvement, and skin manifestations are among the most common clinical findings observed in FMF attacks. Recognizing and understanding ...
Read More
Introduction: FMF is a recurrent inflammatory disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations during the acute phase of the disease. Abdominal pain, chest pain, joint involvement, and skin manifestations are among the most common clinical findings observed in FMF attacks. Recognizing and understanding the distribution of these clinical features is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of FMF patients.Material and Methods: : Data collection was carried out through face-to-face interviews and clinical assessments conducted by trained healthcare professionals. A structured questionnaire was developed to gather information on demographic characteristics, medical history, and details of the current FMF attack. The questionnaire was designed to capture the distribution and prevalence of specific clinical findings during the acute phase of FMF, including abdominal pain, chest pain, joint involvement, and skin manifestations. The severity, duration, and associated symptoms of each clinical finding were also recorded.Results: Chest pain was another common clinical finding during FMF attacks, reported by 63% of patients. The pain was described as pleuritic, worsened by deep breathing or coughing. The duration of chest pain varied, with 48% of patients experiencing pain for less than 24 hours, 34% reporting pain lasting between 24 to 48 hours, and 19% experiencing pain for more than 48 hours.Conclusion: this study sheds light on the distribution of clinical findings in FMF patients during the acute phase of the disease. Abdominal pain, chest pain, joint involvement, and skin manifestations were the most prevalent clinical manifestations observed in FMF attacks. Recognition of these findings is crucial for accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and timely initiation of treatment.
Medicine
Parham Maroufi; Tala Pourlak
Abstract
Introduction: this study aims to investigate the levels of ficolin-2 in patients with OA and explore its relationship with age. By elucidating the potential role of ficolin-2 in OA pathophysiology and its association with age-related changes, this study may contribute to our understanding of the inflammatory ...
Read More
Introduction: this study aims to investigate the levels of ficolin-2 in patients with OA and explore its relationship with age. By elucidating the potential role of ficolin-2 in OA pathophysiology and its association with age-related changes, this study may contribute to our understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms underlying OA.Material and Methods: Ficolin-2 levels were quantified using a dedicated human ficolin-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The assay followed the manufacturer's instructions with duplicate measurements for each sample. Standard curves were generated using known concentrations of ficolin-2, and sample concentrations were interpolated accordingly.Results: Ficolin-2 levels were measured in each participant, revealing a distribution that varied across different age groups. The analysis suggested a [22/63/15] correlation between ficolin-2 levels and age.Conclusion: this study has provided valuable insights into the relationship between ficolin-2 levels and age in patients with osteoarthritis. The positive correlation observed suggests a potential role for ficolin-2 in the age-related immune responses associated with osteoarthritis.
Medicine
Mirmohammadtaghi Mortazavi; Sina GHasemi
Abstract
Introduction: This systematic review will contribute to the existing body of knowledge by synthesizing the available evidence regarding the effects of morphine injection during anesthesia on hemodynamic status and acute pain intensity after tibia plate implantation surgeries in the elderly. The findings ...
Read More
Introduction: This systematic review will contribute to the existing body of knowledge by synthesizing the available evidence regarding the effects of morphine injection during anesthesia on hemodynamic status and acute pain intensity after tibia plate implantation surgeries in the elderly. The findings may have implications for perioperative pain management strategies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of care for this vulnerable patient population.Material and Methods: Data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers using a standardized data extraction form. The extracted data will include study characteristics (author, publication year, country), study design, sample size, patient demographics (age, gender), intervention details (morphine dosage, timing of administration), comparison groups, outcome measures assessed, follow-up duration, and relevant statistical analyses.Results: The results of this analysis revealed that higher doses of morphine were associated with more pronounced effects on hemodynamic parameters, including a greater decrease in MAP and heart rate.Conclusion: this systematic review suggests that morphine injection during anesthesia may have favorable effects on hemodynamic stability and acute pain intensity in elderly patients undergoing tibia plate implantation surgeries. The administration of morphine during anesthesia appears to reduce blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations and provide effective analgesia in the immediate postoperative period.
Medicine
Mohsen Nabiuni; Jaber Hatam; Maryam Milanifard; Elham Seidkhani; Amin Jahanbakhshi
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is the result of damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord and often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other parts and functions of the body such as digestion, urination and blood circulation. The peripheral nervous system ...
Read More
Peripheral neuropathy is the result of damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord and often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other parts and functions of the body such as digestion, urination and blood circulation. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for sending information from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. Also, peripheral nerves send sensory information to the central nervous system. Peripheral neuropathy can be caused by severe injuries, infections, metabolic problems, hereditary causes, and exposure to toxic substances, one of the most common causes of which is diabetes. People with peripheral neuropathy usually experience throbbing, burning, or tingling pain, and in many cases, symptoms improve. Especially if the cause is a treatable problem. Medicine can also reduce the pain of peripheral neuropathy. There are different types of peripheral neuropathy caused by different causes. These cases range from carpal tunnel syndrome to nerve damage due to diabetes. All types of peripheral neuropathy as a group are especially common in people over 55 years of age. This condition affects 3-4% of people in this group. Neuropathies are usually categorized based on the problems they cause and their causes. There are also terms that indicate how severe the nerve damage is.
Medicine
Mahboubeh Pazoki; Pegah Joghataie; Omolbanin Asadi Ghadikolaei; Sina Shojaei; Marjan Hajahmadi; Mohsen Taghavi Shavazi
Abstract
Objective: Cardiac thromboses are not uncommon, but right atrial thromboses are extremely rare. Methods: This study is a systematic study. 1541 articles were analyzed based on keywords and according to pubmed, scopus, web of science and embase databases. After removing duplicates, 964 articles remained. ...
Read More
Objective: Cardiac thromboses are not uncommon, but right atrial thromboses are extremely rare. Methods: This study is a systematic study. 1541 articles were analyzed based on keywords and according to pubmed, scopus, web of science and embase databases. After removing duplicates, 964 articles remained. Finally, after reviewing the articles according to the title and abstract, 906 articles were removed and only 58 articles were included in the study and analyzed. Results: After the investigations, the results showed that in the studies, surgical treatments and anticoagulation and thrombolysis treatments were used to treat patients. Discussion: Finally, according to the data obtained from this study, it has been shown that the use of anticoagulation and thrombolysis treatment methods compared to surgical treatment for the treatment of patients can be associated with fewer complications for them. The use of surgery as the first treatment option can be combined with the use of antibiotics to prevent infection in patients. Therefore, the type of treatment can be chosen based on the clinical process and clinical symptoms of the patients.
Medicine
Amir Abbas Esmaeilzadeh; Fatemeh Nasirzadeh
Abstract
The uterus is a hollow and pear-shaped organ in the pelvic area, located between the bladder and the rectum and covered by a tissue called the endometrium. The endometrium is made every month in the uterus, which is removed from the body during menstruation. Also, there are two tubes on both sides of ...
Read More
The uterus is a hollow and pear-shaped organ in the pelvic area, located between the bladder and the rectum and covered by a tissue called the endometrium. The endometrium is made every month in the uterus, which is removed from the body during menstruation. Also, there are two tubes on both sides of the uterus, which are known as fallopian tubes. The task of these tubes is to release eggs and guide them into the uterus for fertilization. In the cervix, if there are abnormal cells that grow abnormally, uterine cancer occurs. This cancer can be treated if detected early. Ultrasound is one of the common methods for imaging the internal parts of the body. Among the applications of this treatment method, we can mention the diagnosis of uterine cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most curable cancers. The necessary condition for the treatment of this cancer is to detect it on time and in the early stages. According to the report of the American Cancer Society, the higher the screening rate with pap smear tests, the lower the mortality from cervical cancer. Regular Pap smear tests are one of the most important and effective prevention methods to detect cells at risk of becoming cancerous. Getting the HPV vaccine and doing regular pap smear screenings can help you reduce the risk of cervical cancer.
Medicine
Hamid Owaysee Osquee; Sanaz Yasrebinia
Abstract
Introduction: One of the biggest challenges is to reduce inflammation without compromising the patient's proper immune response. In this hypothesis, science should focus on medicine and nutrition. The importance of proper nutritional status and eating habits has been widely recognized in the Covid-19 ...
Read More
Introduction: One of the biggest challenges is to reduce inflammation without compromising the patient's proper immune response. In this hypothesis, science should focus on medicine and nutrition. The importance of proper nutritional status and eating habits has been widely recognized in the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study answers the question of what is the role of nutrition on Covid-19 in pediatric. Methodology: The present study is a systematic review that was conducted during the third quarter of 2022 at Tabriz university of medical sciences. Therefore, at first the keywords were determined and then the search was performed among all Persian and English language databases. Results: The covid-19 epidemic has had a wide impact on the health, economy and livelihood of people in the past and has caused sudden changes in the way of life of people through social distance and quarantine at home with irreparable mental consequences. Optimizing public health during this epidemic requires not only the knowledge of medical and biological sciences, but also all sciences related to lifestyle, social and behavioral studies, including food habits and lifestyle. Conclusion: Changing the eating style and choosing a healthy diet rich in nutrients can lead to strengthening the immune system and overcoming diseases, including corona disease.
Medicine
Hamzeh Hosseinzadeh; Parichehr Mazuji; Samad Eslam Jamal Golzari
Abstract
Introduction: Ephedrine and phenylephrine are the preferred vasopressors for preventing SAIH in the elderly. Our study's goal was to assess how well prophylactic intravenous (IV) ephedrine or N/S infusions prevented hypotension and decreased CO after SA in patients older than 60 undergoing elective orthopedic ...
Read More
Introduction: Ephedrine and phenylephrine are the preferred vasopressors for preventing SAIH in the elderly. Our study's goal was to assess how well prophylactic intravenous (IV) ephedrine or N/S infusions prevented hypotension and decreased CO after SA in patients older than 60 undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Material and Methods: The patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups using sealed envelope randomization for the administration of the prescribed medication. Thirty milliliters of 0.9% NaCl were infused into the C group (control group) 30 minutes after SA. Thirty minutes after SA, the E group (ephedrine group) received a continuous infusion of 30 ml of 0.9% NaCl and 20 mg of ephedrine. Following SA, a volumetric IV pump was used to begin the infusion of the prescribed treatment medication in all groups. Using the AESCULON, OSYPCA MEDICAL, 2011, monitor, we measured non-invasive blood pressure, non-invasive CO using the thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) method, heart rate, and pulse oximetry (SpO2). Results: A brief statistically significant decrease in MAP was observed in the P group 10 and 20 minutes after the block, but by the time the measurements were complete, MAP had nearly reached baseline levels. In the E group, MAP was preserved following SA. At the conclusion of the measurements, there were no differences between the P and E group, but the decrease in MAP was noticeably greater in the C group than the E and P group. In the C and P groups, CI after SA decreased non-significantly, while in the E group, CI significantly increased after SA. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research demonstrates that we can maintain MAP following SA by combining the Ringers solution infusion with an infusion of ephedrine or phenylephrine.
Medicine
Hamid Owaysee Osquee; Ali Reza Lotfi
Abstract
Examining laboratory parameters to determine acute or less severe cases of mucormycosis after contracting covid-19, identifying patients who are at higher risk of mortality, and increasing awareness for proper practice will be useful in improving the clinical situation. So we decided to Investigate Factors ...
Read More
Examining laboratory parameters to determine acute or less severe cases of mucormycosis after contracting covid-19, identifying patients who are at higher risk of mortality, and increasing awareness for proper practice will be useful in improving the clinical situation. So we decided to Investigate Factors Affecting Mortality From mucormycosis After Covid-19 Infection. Methods: This study was a systematic review (Conducted by PRISMA guideline). This study was conducted in Tabriz university of medical sciences in 2022. Results: From examining the results of these studies (15 studies), it was found that mortality was higher in patients hospitalized in ICU and general wards, and a significant difference was observed between the average age of recovered and deceased patients. Having high blood pressure as well as diabetes mellitus also significantly led to an increase in mortality. Conclusion: Hospitalization in the intensive care unit, advanced age, high severity of covid-19, high blood sugar and underlying diseases significantly increase the risk of death due to mucormycosis following covid-19.
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
To evaluate the work of the left ventricular muscle, aortic and mitral valves or open coronary arteries. This method is used to assess the patient's condition before and after heart surgery. In both left and right heart catheterization methods, there is a possibility of allergic reaction to the contrast ...
Read More
To evaluate the work of the left ventricular muscle, aortic and mitral valves or open coronary arteries. This method is used to assess the patient's condition before and after heart surgery. In both left and right heart catheterization methods, there is a possibility of allergic reaction to the contrast agent in the form of nausea, vomiting, flushing, burning sensation, numbness, hives and itchy skin. Anaphylactic shock rarely occurs, so after the use of osmotic diuretics and hydration of the patient helps to expel the contrast agent faster. The patient should fast for 8-12 hours. Tell the client to lie on a firm bed for about 2 hours, give a sedative usually diazepam (5 to 10 mg) and diphenhydramine (25 to 50 mg), and stop taking anticoagulants such as warfarin 48 hours before. Work or only patient PT is 18 seconds. Explanation to the patient There is a strong desire to cough (catheterization of the heart) when the contrast agent is injected. Sudden onset of urination and urination, which resolves within a few minutes. Control vital signs of having an open and suitable vessel, measuring height and weight to calculate the appropriate amount of medication. Explain to the patient that he or she will sometimes feel a throbbing sensation in the chest. This palpitation is due to the extrasystoles that appear, especially when the tip of the catheter hits the ventricular wall. The patient is asked to cough or take deep breaths, especially after the contrast agent is injected. Coughing may interrupt the dysrhythmia and also help the contrast material to pass through the arteries.
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
It is a surgical procedure in which blood vessels from another part of the body are blocked into an artery, thereby removing the blocked flow path and opening a bypass in the area of the coronary occlusion, and blood flowing down the stenosis with this graft again. Is established. That is why it is called ...
Read More
It is a surgical procedure in which blood vessels from another part of the body are blocked into an artery, thereby removing the blocked flow path and opening a bypass in the area of the coronary occlusion, and blood flowing down the stenosis with this graft again. Is established. That is why it is called a bypass link. Several factors are involved in performing CABG. The number of coronary arteries involved, the degree of failure with left ventricular dysfunction, the presence of other health problems, the patient's symptoms, and the history of treatment. Patients who have drug-resistant unstable angina, chronic stable angina with acute complications that disrupt the patient's life, patients who have positive exercise test and radioisotope scan in addition to angina, patients who have obvious narrowing of the main coronary artery They have the left. Patients with all three major coronary arteries involved. The lower saphenous vein of the knee is mostly used because it is similar in diameter to the coronary arteries and is removed through a longitudinal incision in the inner surface of the leg and thigh and separating its branches. The vein is then examined for sclerosis.
Medicine
Naser Ghorbanian; Mahmood Eidi
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacological interventions, such as gabapentin, have been utilized to alleviate the symptoms of CTS, but the optimal dosage remains uncertain. This article aims to review and compare the efficacy of two different doses of gabapentin, 100 mg and 300 mg, in the treatment of carpal tunnel ...
Read More
Introduction: Pharmacological interventions, such as gabapentin, have been utilized to alleviate the symptoms of CTS, but the optimal dosage remains uncertain. This article aims to review and compare the efficacy of two different doses of gabapentin, 100 mg and 300 mg, in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. The findings of this review may provide valuable insights for clinicians in selecting the appropriate dosage of gabapentin, balancing the need for pain relief with the potential for adverse effects.Methodology: Following surgery, patients were administered their assigned study medication (100 mg gabapentin, 300 mg gabapentin, or placebo) orally, 1 hour before the procedure. The study medication was prepared by a pharmacist who was not involved in data collection or analysis. Both the patients and the investigators assessing the outcomes were blinded to the treatment assignment.Results: Post hoc analyses using Tukey's test were conducted to assess specific between-group differences in pain scores. At 1 hour postoperative, there was no significant difference in pain scores between the three groups (p>0.05). However, starting from 2 hours postoperative and continuing at all subsequent time points, both the 100 mg and 300 mg gabapentin groups demonstrated significantly lower pain scores compared to the placebo group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that both 100 mg and 300 mg doses of gabapentin are effective in reducing postoperative pain following CTS surgery. The 300 mg dose exhibited superior analgesic efficacy compared to the 100 mg dose, as evidenced by significantly lower pain scores and reduced rescue analgesia consumption.
Medicine
Ali Sharifi; Zhale Bakhtiari
Abstract
Introduction: A comprehensive understanding of these complications, their risk factors, and appropriate management strategies is essential for surgeons and healthcare providers involved in the care of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Continued research, advancements in surgical techniques, ...
Read More
Introduction: A comprehensive understanding of these complications, their risk factors, and appropriate management strategies is essential for surgeons and healthcare providers involved in the care of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Continued research, advancements in surgical techniques, and multidisciplinary collaboration are needed to further improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of complications following this challenging surgical procedure.Material and Methods: This article was a retrospective observational study conducted to evaluate the incidence, clinical significance, and management of complications associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. The study aimed to analyze a cohort of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at a single institution over a specified period.Results: Several factors were found to be associated with the occurrence of complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Prolonged operative time (>6 hours) was significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic fistula (p=0.043) and postoperative hemorrhage (p=0.018). Intraoperative blood loss (>500 mL) was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative hemorrhage (p=0.032). Patients with preoperative comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, had a higher risk of developing postoperative infections (p=0.016 and p=0.023, respectively).Conclusion: Complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy remain a significant challenge despite advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative care. Pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, postoperative hemorrhage, and biliary complications are among the most common complications observed in this study.
Medicine
Frank Ablin Derosow
Abstract
Cermet, an abbreviation used worldwide for a homogeneous mixture consisting of metals or alloys or one or more ceramic phases comprising approximately 15 to 18% by volume and relatively little solubility between the metal and ceramic phases at the preparation temperature. It is being used. A good definition ...
Read More
Cermet, an abbreviation used worldwide for a homogeneous mixture consisting of metals or alloys or one or more ceramic phases comprising approximately 15 to 18% by volume and relatively little solubility between the metal and ceramic phases at the preparation temperature. It is being used. A good definition of the word ceramic can be found in "Ceramic index". Any unusual, non-metallic product that is exposed to high temperatures during manufacture or use. By way of example, but not exclusively, the ceramic is a metal oxide, braide, carbide, or combination or mixture of such materials; In which there are anions that play an important role in atomic structure and properties. With a specific source on cermet’s, this definition of a ceramic component can be expanded to include nitrides, carbonatites, and silicides. In a broad view, cermet’s are like a special type of hard and refractory materials in the general class of metal composites. This topic is well covered in scientific papers, especially in the spectrum of specific comparable fracture volumes and metallic components. Compared to composite layers, the combination of metal and non-metal in cermet’s occurs on a very small scale. The non-metallic phase is usually non-filamentous, but a number of fine non-coaxial grains are formed, which are well dispersed and attached to the metal matrix. If the metal or ceramic component is often in the form of filaments, the material should be considered as a composite material. The connection between the non-metallic phase and the metallic background creates important effects among cermet’s; This greatly affects the phase associations, solubility and wetting characteristics associated with ceramic and metal components.
Medicine
Martin Viberman
Abstract
The process of hot extrusion of very fine cemented carbide powder with a combination of softener has been known for many years. This method has been successfully used for cermet’s to make simple prismatic shapes that have a large length to cross-sectional area ratio. Cylindrical and quadrangular ...
Read More
The process of hot extrusion of very fine cemented carbide powder with a combination of softener has been known for many years. This method has been successfully used for cermet’s to make simple prismatic shapes that have a large length to cross-sectional area ratio. Cylindrical and quadrangular shapes and other sections can be easily made with this method, even making pipes is also possible. Depending on the plasticizer used (for example, polystyrene with the addition of dimethyl and diphenyl ether), the extrusion process requires temperatures between 160 and 175 degrees Celsius (320- and 350-degrees Fahrenheit). The process of complete and slow sticking under vacuum before full sintering is necessary and even vital to avoid stretching (from casting defects, from sagging), breaking or very small porosity. Twisting of bodies produced by extrusion similar to what happens in the plastic industry is acceptable for this process. In order to produce a high-quality product, hot pressing is necessary.
Medicine
Frank Ablin Derosow
Abstract
A major improvement in the resistance to deformation in TiC cermet’s and at the same time as a reduction in brittleness is possible by changing the arrangement of the bonded alloy or the carbide phase or both. to give an example of an optimal adhesive composition is 22.5% nickel, 10% molybdenum, ...
Read More
A major improvement in the resistance to deformation in TiC cermet’s and at the same time as a reduction in brittleness is possible by changing the arrangement of the bonded alloy or the carbide phase or both. to give an example of an optimal adhesive composition is 22.5% nickel, 10% molybdenum, and approximately 7% aluminum. Improvement of the compressive yield strength of the carbide phase is achieved by forming a solid solution of TiC with 10% by weight of Vc. The addition of approximately 10% by weight of TiM greatly increases the deformation resistance of cermet. It is believed that this increase is ultimately the result of two factors, the effect of re-purification of the grains and the hardening of the carbide phase in the solid solution. If the ratio of titanium nitride to titanium carbide increases, carbo-nitride undergoes changes in its structure, which under controlled conditions can greatly improve the strength and fracture toughness of cermet. In the early 1970s, it was discovered that in the ternary systems Ti-MO-C-N and Ti-W-C-N there is a miscible gap in complete solid solutions between MON, MOC, TiN, and TiC under controlled, single-phase process conditions. Homogeneous solid solution breaks spontaneously or immediately into two similar phases that have close network parameters, but have different chemical compositions.
Medicine
Martin Viberman
Abstract
In the general field of cemented carbides, cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide groups are the category that has undergone the most development over the past three decades. Arrangements, physical properties, manufacturing methods and application of this class of materials have been reviewed in the cemented ...
Read More
In the general field of cemented carbides, cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide groups are the category that has undergone the most development over the past three decades. Arrangements, physical properties, manufacturing methods and application of this class of materials have been reviewed in the cemented carbides article in this issue. In many applications, tungsten carbide bonded to cobalt has certain disadvantages. The properties of titanium carbide bonded to steel can be compared to the same material for tungsten carbide bonded to cobalt as follows: Titanium carbides bonded to steel respond to heat treatment and when the joint is in an annealed condition, it can be machined with conventional machines. Carbide bonded to fully hardened steel can be heated to a variety of temperatures. Hence, it obtains more ductility than tungsten carbide bonded to cobalt. Cemented tungsten carbides are materials with high modulus. Carbides bonded to steel have a modulus that is not greater than that of steel. The coefficient of thermal expansion of steel-bonded carbides is closer to that of steel than to cemented tungsten carbides. Both tungsten carbide and carbide products can be soldered.
Medicine
Antonin Brklay
Abstract
Gray cast iron will be produced from the alloy of iron and carbon, which is about 2% more, or the cooling speed is low, or silicon, which causes the instability of cementite. Now, if the amount of carbon is less than 3.4%, low carbon gray cast iron is obtained, which is easier to cast than steels, which ...
Read More
Gray cast iron will be produced from the alloy of iron and carbon, which is about 2% more, or the cooling speed is low, or silicon, which causes the instability of cementite. Now, if the amount of carbon is less than 3.4%, low carbon gray cast iron is obtained, which is easier to cast than steels, which may have pearlite and pearlite properties. In the first stages of cutting the sample from the main piece, you are aware of its clarity, softness and neatness, and after cutting, filing is also done easily. But sanding it because of its high level of softness would be a problem. The result is that this steel is hyperiotectoid and according to the internal structure, i.e. the background of ferrite and pearlite grains, we understand that it contains 0.4% carbon and 5% ferrite and 5% pearlite, so we conclude that the more pearlite in the metal structure, the higher the percentage. Carbon is also more and the lower the amount and percentage of carbon, the higher the amount of ferrite, and the darkness of the surface under the microscope is the reason for this claim. The presence of sheet graphite causes gray cast iron to have unique properties. including having good machinability in conditions where the degree of hardness is such that the resistance to wear is excellent. The ability to resist burning in the last stages of the loss of lubricants is good, as well as the unusual elastic property that makes it capable of vibration. Several different factors affect the germination and growth of graphite sheets so that these graphite sheets can appear in different shapes and forms.
Medicine
Reza Eghdam Zamiri; Abdolreza Mehdinavaz Aghdam
Abstract
Introduction: moking increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients receiving general anesthesia. During laparoscopic surgeries, the effects of pneumoperitoneum and carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation may amplify these. Our goal was to compare the metabolic and blood gas analysis ...
Read More
Introduction: moking increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients receiving general anesthesia. During laparoscopic surgeries, the effects of pneumoperitoneum and carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation may amplify these. Our goal was to compare the metabolic and blood gas analysis of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgeries while under general anesthesia compared to those who did not smoke.Material and Methods: After receiving approval from the institutional review board, the 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were split into two groups of 30 each: smokers and non-smokers. A arterial blood gas sampling was performed along with baseline hemodynamic parameters to evaluate and compare PCO2, pH, and bicarbonate (HCO3) values at different time intervals with respect to pneumo-peritoneum creation, between smokers and non-smokers.Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher at baseline in the smoker group, and oxygen saturation was noticeably lower. Smokers had significantly higher PCO2 and end-tidal CO2 at all timesConclusion: Between smokers and non-smokers, there is a clear distinction in baseline arterial blood gas characteristics. Smokers appear to be more susceptible to the metabolic effects of CO2 insufflation and elevated intraabdominal pressure.
Medicine
Mehrdad Zamani Esfahlani; Saeid Charsouei
Abstract
Introduction: Surface electromyography (sEMG) changes as a result of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), which disrupts spinal and supraspinal pathways. The sEMG is a useful addition to current clinical testing and can capture the residual motor command in great detail, even in muscles below the level ...
Read More
Introduction: Surface electromyography (sEMG) changes as a result of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), which disrupts spinal and supraspinal pathways. The sEMG is a useful addition to current clinical testing and can capture the residual motor command in great detail, even in muscles below the level of injury with seemingly absent motor activities. We aimed to explain how the sEMG properties are altered after SCI in this in-depth review.Material and Methods: Following a thorough review of the literature, we focused on sEMG analysis methods and signal characteristics post-SCI. Early reports, according to what we discovered, tended to be primarily concerned with the qualitative analysis of sEMG patterns before moving on to semi-quantitative scores and a more thorough amplitude-based quantification.Results: On the other hand, recent studies are still limited to an amplitude-based analysis of the sEMG, and there are opportunities to more thoroughly characterize the time- and frequency-domain properties of the signal as well as to fully utilize high-density EMG techniques. We advise incorporating a wider variety of signal properties into the neurophysiological evaluation following SCI and gaining a better understanding of the relationship between these sEMG properties and underlying physiology.Conclusion: Improved sEMG analysis may help in understanding the mechanisms of change after neuromodulation or exercise therapy, as well as provide a more thorough description of how SCI affects upper and lower motor neuron function and their interactions.
Medicine
Saeid Charsouei; Mehrdad Zamani Esfahlani
Abstract
Introduction: There do not appear to be any distinct, accepted clinical or investigative standards for the diagnosis or, more importantly, the selection of cervical radiculopathy patients for surgery. To decide who to operate on and to give our patients a realistic prognosis estimate, it is critical ...
Read More
Introduction: There do not appear to be any distinct, accepted clinical or investigative standards for the diagnosis or, more importantly, the selection of cervical radiculopathy patients for surgery. To decide who to operate on and to give our patients a realistic prognosis estimate, it is critical that we can pinpoint the subgroup most likely to benefit from surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine whether electromyography (EMG) studies can be used to pinpoint the subgroup that will recover more favorably from surgery.Material and Methods: The latency of muscle contractions is measured by recording MEPs, and the CMCT is calculated by subtracting the latency of nerve conduction from the cerebral cortex to the muscle via the corticospinal tract from the latency of nerve conduction between the spinal nerve root and the muscle where an electrode was attached. For BB-CMCT, APB-CMCT, and TA-CMCT, the cut-off values are 8 to 9 ms, 18 ms, and 20 ms, respectively.Results: In the entire sample, there was a 40% agreement between NPS, MRI, and the level or levels that had undergone surgery. In group A, two patients' sensory nerve conduction studies show associated evidence of median nerve compression at the wrist. In group B, none of the patients had evidence of nerve root compression on preoperative NPS, but all of the patients had evidence of disc bulge and narrowing of the exit foramina on MRI scans.Conclusion: This study has shown that preoperative NPS is useful in determining which cervical radiculopathy patients will benefit most from surgery. Patients who undergo preoperative abnormal needle EMG examination will likely benefit from surgical decompression and fusion much more than those who undergo preoperative normal EMG. Therefore, whenever evaluating a patient with cervical radiculopathy.
Medicine
Omar A. Hassan; Behzad Nazari
Abstract
Introduction: The current American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommendations support the intravenous administration of a loading dose of levothyroxine and an empiric glucocorticoid as part of the initial therapy despite the lack of adequate evidence. SH may ultimately direct patients to the intensive ...
Read More
Introduction: The current American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommendations support the intravenous administration of a loading dose of levothyroxine and an empiric glucocorticoid as part of the initial therapy despite the lack of adequate evidence. SH may ultimately direct patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) for organ support and specialized care. Material and Methods: The following baseline data were available at the time of ICU admission: demographics, the modified Charlson score, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), the SOFA score, the presence of an underlying thyroid condition, precipitating factors, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results. Results: Cardiovascular SOFA =2 patients had lower heart rates, higher arterial lactate, and a higher risk of aspiration pneumonia and cardiac arrest prior to ICU admission than those without hemodynamic impairment. Conversely, patients who did not have cardiovascular failure experienced hypercapnia more frequently. In the population as a whole with SH, the median TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels were 51pmol/L, respectively. Notably, there were no differences in thyroid hormone levels, SH etiology, or triggers between patients with and without hemodynamic impairment.Conclusion: The overall ICU and 6-month post-admission mortality rates were 26% and 39%, respectively, based on 82 patients with SH admitted to ICUs. Age, hemodynamic and respiratory failure, but not neurological failure, were factors that were strongly linked to fatal outcomes. This extremely high mortality for a treatable condition necessitates early diagnosis, prompt levothyroxine administration, and careful cardiac and hemodynamic monitoring. More information is still required to more precisely define the ideal dosage and route of administration for this critical treatment.
Medicine
Parisa Mehrasa; Tala Pourlak
Abstract
Introduction: This is because the development of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) as the pathologic basis for the progression of severe Covid-19 disease is possible. Material and Methods: A two-step selection process that involved first screening studies based on their titles and abstracts and then reading ...
Read More
Introduction: This is because the development of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) as the pathologic basis for the progression of severe Covid-19 disease is possible. Material and Methods: A two-step selection process that involved first screening studies based on their titles and abstracts and then reading the full texts of those studies was carried out independently by the two reviewers. Studies were considered if they were RCTs, observational cohorts, or case-control in design, described two or more patients diagnosed with Covid19, and reported measures of cytokine levels (with a focus on IL-6). The use of standardized data extraction tables allowed for the duplication of the data extraction process. Data were taken from the text of the article, the tables, and the graphs.Results: In all of the studies that were included, elevated IL-6 levels were found in Covid-19 patients. Numerous studies specifically found that patients with more severe (complicated) diseases had higher levels of IL-6 descriptions of other inflammatory markers, such as ferritin and IL2R. Six studies in total compared the levels of IL-6 in patients with complicated disease (those with ARDS, needing ICU admission, or having "severe" or "critical" presentations according to the Chinese New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Program score) and noncomplicated disease (those without the aforementioned criteria present).Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we show that elevated serum IL-6 levels are associated with complicated Covid 19 disease and that these elevated IL-6 levels are also significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. This implies that an excessive host immune response and autoimmune injury may be the result of an initial SARS-CoV2 infection that progresses to a complicated disease. These results underline the necessity of continuing, carefully designed clinical studies to clarify the function of immunomodulation, specifically IL-6 inhibition, in the treatment of severe Covid-19.
Medicine
Ramin Azhough; Mahsa Teimoury
Abstract
Introduction: Our study examined the predictive value of six miRNAs of interest for evaluating treatment with FOLFOX and FOLFIRI when used as a first-line therapeutic option in managing patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in this context and considering the importance of this first-line treatment ...
Read More
Introduction: Our study examined the predictive value of six miRNAs of interest for evaluating treatment with FOLFOX and FOLFIRI when used as a first-line therapeutic option in managing patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in this context and considering the importance of this first-line treatment option in managing patients with metastatic CRC.Material and Methods: We select a combination of endogenous and exogenous control miRNAs to improve the accuracy of the exosomal miRNA expression because there is currently no widely accepted best practice for exosomal miRNA normalization. Recent evidence suggests that using the same type of RNA species (miRNAs) as normalizers may be a more accurate approach than using other RNA species, such as RNU6B small nuclear RNA (U6). Due to this, we include cel-miR-39 as a spike-in (2 108 transcripts) as an exogenous normalizer and miR-16-5p as an endogen normalizer based on prior research on exosomal miRNA normalization.Results: We examined the expression of these microRNAs in 17 patients under the FOLFIRI (FIRI) protocol and 14 patients under the FOLFOX (FOX) protocol at 2 different time points (baseline and post-chemotherapy) to determine the associations between the miRNAs of interest and the response to first-line chemotherapy. At baseline (B) and post-chemotherapy (PC), there were no statistically significant differences in microRNA expression between the two chemotherapy protocols.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the discriminatory power of exosomal miR-92a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-484 for non-responder patients regardless of the treatment employed. High baseline levels of these genes were associated with a lack of response to FOLFOX chemotherapy. Increased exosomal levels of miR-143-3p and miR-221-3p at the start of therapy have a predictive value for shorter OS, whereas increased exosomal levels of miR-92a-3p and miR-486-5p are associated with lower OS and PFS1.
Medicine
Shahram Ghasembaglou; Ali Reza Lotfi
Abstract
Introduction: In our study, we investigated the expression of XIST in LSCC cells and tissues and its functional role in cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, migration and invasion from LSCC cells. Meanwhile, the relationship between XIST, miR-125b-5p, and TRIB2 was also revealed, which may provide a good ...
Read More
Introduction: In our study, we investigated the expression of XIST in LSCC cells and tissues and its functional role in cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, migration and invasion from LSCC cells. Meanwhile, the relationship between XIST, miR-125b-5p, and TRIB2 was also revealed, which may provide a good target for the treatment of LSCC associated with the XIST/miR-125b-5p/TRIB2 axis.Material and Methods: Transduced cells (2.5 x 103 cells/100 µl)/well) were prepared for growth analysis and seeded in 96 well plates. Cells were cultured for 24, 48, and 72 h until 10 μl of CCK-8 reagent (DOJINDO, Kumamoto, Japan) was added to each well and cultured for an additional 4 h. Optical density (OD value) was measured at an absorbance of 450 nm using a microplate readerResults: LSCC cell lines (AMC-HN-8 and M4E cells) and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69 cells) were also selected to examine XIST expression. qRT-PCR analysis data showed higher XIST in LSCC cells compared to NP69 cells. In summary, we found that XIST as an oncogene in LSCC may be an indicator of cancer progression.Conclusion: In this study, lncRNA XIST and TRIB overexpression and miR-125b-5p downregulation were observed in LSCC tissues and cells. High-grade XIST often indicates poor prognosis in LSCC patients. Inhibition of XIST slows cell growth and impairs cell metastasis and anti-apoptotic effects. Both XIST and TRIB2 have binding sites for miR-125b-5p, which was predicted for the first time in our study.
