Applied Chemistry
Ebadollah Amouzad Mahdiraji
Abstract
The conductor goes to the corona and increases the leakage and charging current surrounding the conductor when the conductor voltage at the transmission line rises from a particular threshold known as the corona threshold voltage. This study evaluates various corona effects on transmitted pulses on transmission ...
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The conductor goes to the corona and increases the leakage and charging current surrounding the conductor when the conductor voltage at the transmission line rises from a particular threshold known as the corona threshold voltage. This study evaluates various corona effects on transmitted pulses on transmission lines as well as the equations for the transmission line when corona is present. This work attempts to offer an accurate assessment by evaluating the emission of lightning pulses along the transmission line in the form of numerical analysis on the radius induced by charging. The impact of transmission line equations and the impact of the desired magnetic field is thus one of the major issues discussed in this study.
Medicine
Mehrnoosh Rassam; Abbasali Dehghani; Ramin Azhough
Abstract
Introduction: pilonidal sinus disease can have a substantial impact on patients' quality of life, necessitating effective surgical management. Pilonidal sinus surgery using hook circulators represents a minimally invasive technique that has gained popularity in recent years. However, the effect of this ...
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Introduction: pilonidal sinus disease can have a substantial impact on patients' quality of life, necessitating effective surgical management. Pilonidal sinus surgery using hook circulators represents a minimally invasive technique that has gained popularity in recent years. However, the effect of this surgical approach on patients' quality of life remains relatively unexplored. This article aims to bridge this gap by investigating the quality of life outcomes following pilonidal sinus surgery using hook circulators.Material and Methods: Following surgery, patients were followed up at regular intervals to assess their postoperative recovery and quality of life outcomes. Postoperative assessments were conducted at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. The same standardized instruments (PSSS, DLQI, and SF-36) used in the preoperative assessment were administered to evaluate changes in quality of life over time.Results: The SF-36 assesses multiple domains of quality of life, including physical functioning, role limitations, pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional well-being, and mental health. The mean preoperative SF-36 score was 58.7 (range: 40-75). At the 1-month follow-up, there were significant improvements in all domains of the SF-36 (p<0.001). The improvements were sustained at the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups, with mean scores ranging from 60.2 to 66.8.Conclusion: pilonidal sinus surgery with hook circulators demonstrates significant improvements in quality of life outcomes, including symptom relief and enhanced overall well-being. The surgical technique is associated with successful outcomes and a low rate of complications.
Medicine
Saeid Charsouei; Mehrdad Zamani Esfahlani
Abstract
Introduction: There do not appear to be any distinct, accepted clinical or investigative standards for the diagnosis or, more importantly, the selection of cervical radiculopathy patients for surgery. To decide who to operate on and to give our patients a realistic prognosis estimate, it is critical ...
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Introduction: There do not appear to be any distinct, accepted clinical or investigative standards for the diagnosis or, more importantly, the selection of cervical radiculopathy patients for surgery. To decide who to operate on and to give our patients a realistic prognosis estimate, it is critical that we can pinpoint the subgroup most likely to benefit from surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine whether electromyography (EMG) studies can be used to pinpoint the subgroup that will recover more favorably from surgery.Material and Methods: The latency of muscle contractions is measured by recording MEPs, and the CMCT is calculated by subtracting the latency of nerve conduction from the cerebral cortex to the muscle via the corticospinal tract from the latency of nerve conduction between the spinal nerve root and the muscle where an electrode was attached. For BB-CMCT, APB-CMCT, and TA-CMCT, the cut-off values are 8 to 9 ms, 18 ms, and 20 ms, respectively.Results: In the entire sample, there was a 40% agreement between NPS, MRI, and the level or levels that had undergone surgery. In group A, two patients' sensory nerve conduction studies show associated evidence of median nerve compression at the wrist. In group B, none of the patients had evidence of nerve root compression on preoperative NPS, but all of the patients had evidence of disc bulge and narrowing of the exit foramina on MRI scans.Conclusion: This study has shown that preoperative NPS is useful in determining which cervical radiculopathy patients will benefit most from surgery. Patients who undergo preoperative abnormal needle EMG examination will likely benefit from surgical decompression and fusion much more than those who undergo preoperative normal EMG. Therefore, whenever evaluating a patient with cervical radiculopathy.
Medicine
Ali Sharifi; Zhale Bakhtiari
Abstract
Introduction: A comprehensive understanding of these complications, their risk factors, and appropriate management strategies is essential for surgeons and healthcare providers involved in the care of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Continued research, advancements in surgical techniques, ...
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Introduction: A comprehensive understanding of these complications, their risk factors, and appropriate management strategies is essential for surgeons and healthcare providers involved in the care of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Continued research, advancements in surgical techniques, and multidisciplinary collaboration are needed to further improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of complications following this challenging surgical procedure.Material and Methods: This article was a retrospective observational study conducted to evaluate the incidence, clinical significance, and management of complications associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. The study aimed to analyze a cohort of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at a single institution over a specified period.Results: Several factors were found to be associated with the occurrence of complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Prolonged operative time (>6 hours) was significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic fistula (p=0.043) and postoperative hemorrhage (p=0.018). Intraoperative blood loss (>500 mL) was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative hemorrhage (p=0.032). Patients with preoperative comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, had a higher risk of developing postoperative infections (p=0.016 and p=0.023, respectively).Conclusion: Complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy remain a significant challenge despite advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative care. Pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, postoperative hemorrhage, and biliary complications are among the most common complications observed in this study.
Medicine
Leila Mahboobi; Babak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
Abstract
Introduction: FMF is a recurrent inflammatory disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations during the acute phase of the disease. Abdominal pain, chest pain, joint involvement, and skin manifestations are among the most common clinical findings observed in FMF attacks. Recognizing and understanding ...
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Introduction: FMF is a recurrent inflammatory disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations during the acute phase of the disease. Abdominal pain, chest pain, joint involvement, and skin manifestations are among the most common clinical findings observed in FMF attacks. Recognizing and understanding the distribution of these clinical features is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of FMF patients.Material and Methods: : Data collection was carried out through face-to-face interviews and clinical assessments conducted by trained healthcare professionals. A structured questionnaire was developed to gather information on demographic characteristics, medical history, and details of the current FMF attack. The questionnaire was designed to capture the distribution and prevalence of specific clinical findings during the acute phase of FMF, including abdominal pain, chest pain, joint involvement, and skin manifestations. The severity, duration, and associated symptoms of each clinical finding were also recorded.Results: Chest pain was another common clinical finding during FMF attacks, reported by 63% of patients. The pain was described as pleuritic, worsened by deep breathing or coughing. The duration of chest pain varied, with 48% of patients experiencing pain for less than 24 hours, 34% reporting pain lasting between 24 to 48 hours, and 19% experiencing pain for more than 48 hours.Conclusion: this study sheds light on the distribution of clinical findings in FMF patients during the acute phase of the disease. Abdominal pain, chest pain, joint involvement, and skin manifestations were the most prevalent clinical manifestations observed in FMF attacks. Recognition of these findings is crucial for accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and timely initiation of treatment.
Medicine
Omar A. Hassan; Behzad Nazari
Abstract
Introduction: The current American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommendations support the intravenous administration of a loading dose of levothyroxine and an empiric glucocorticoid as part of the initial therapy despite the lack of adequate evidence. SH may ultimately direct patients to the intensive ...
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Introduction: The current American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommendations support the intravenous administration of a loading dose of levothyroxine and an empiric glucocorticoid as part of the initial therapy despite the lack of adequate evidence. SH may ultimately direct patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) for organ support and specialized care. Material and Methods: The following baseline data were available at the time of ICU admission: demographics, the modified Charlson score, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), the SOFA score, the presence of an underlying thyroid condition, precipitating factors, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results. Results: Cardiovascular SOFA =2 patients had lower heart rates, higher arterial lactate, and a higher risk of aspiration pneumonia and cardiac arrest prior to ICU admission than those without hemodynamic impairment. Conversely, patients who did not have cardiovascular failure experienced hypercapnia more frequently. In the population as a whole with SH, the median TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels were 51pmol/L, respectively. Notably, there were no differences in thyroid hormone levels, SH etiology, or triggers between patients with and without hemodynamic impairment.Conclusion: The overall ICU and 6-month post-admission mortality rates were 26% and 39%, respectively, based on 82 patients with SH admitted to ICUs. Age, hemodynamic and respiratory failure, but not neurological failure, were factors that were strongly linked to fatal outcomes. This extremely high mortality for a treatable condition necessitates early diagnosis, prompt levothyroxine administration, and careful cardiac and hemodynamic monitoring. More information is still required to more precisely define the ideal dosage and route of administration for this critical treatment.
Health
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
Open thoracotomy, a surgical procedure involving a large incision in the chest wall, has long been utilized in the management of pneumothorax. This procedure allows direct access to the pleural space, enabling effective intervention for complex cases or when less invasive techniques have proven unsuccessful. ...
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Open thoracotomy, a surgical procedure involving a large incision in the chest wall, has long been utilized in the management of pneumothorax. This procedure allows direct access to the pleural space, enabling effective intervention for complex cases or when less invasive techniques have proven unsuccessful. Indications for open thoracotomy include large or recurrent pneumothorax, significant underlying lung disease, or traumatic pneumothorax with associated injuries. The primary advantage of open thoracotomy is its versatility, as it provides wide exposure and direct visualization of the pleural cavity, facilitating the identification and management of the underlying cause of pneumothorax. This approach allows for the removal of blebs or bullae, repair of lung lacerations, and treatment of associated injuries, resulting in comprehensive management. However, open thoracotomy is a major surgical procedure associated with potential risks and complications, including postoperative pain, longer hospital stays, and slower recovery. The decision to proceed with open thoracotomy should be carefully considered, taking into account the patient's clinical condition, extent of pneumothorax, underlying lung disease, and the expertise of the surgical team. As less invasive techniques, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), continue to advance, the choice between open thoracotomy and VATS should be individualized based on the patient's needs and available resources.
Medicine
Parham Maroufi; Tala Pourlak
Abstract
Introduction: this study aims to investigate the levels of ficolin-2 in patients with OA and explore its relationship with age. By elucidating the potential role of ficolin-2 in OA pathophysiology and its association with age-related changes, this study may contribute to our understanding of the inflammatory ...
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Introduction: this study aims to investigate the levels of ficolin-2 in patients with OA and explore its relationship with age. By elucidating the potential role of ficolin-2 in OA pathophysiology and its association with age-related changes, this study may contribute to our understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms underlying OA.Material and Methods: Ficolin-2 levels were quantified using a dedicated human ficolin-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The assay followed the manufacturer's instructions with duplicate measurements for each sample. Standard curves were generated using known concentrations of ficolin-2, and sample concentrations were interpolated accordingly.Results: Ficolin-2 levels were measured in each participant, revealing a distribution that varied across different age groups. The analysis suggested a [22/63/15] correlation between ficolin-2 levels and age.Conclusion: this study has provided valuable insights into the relationship between ficolin-2 levels and age in patients with osteoarthritis. The positive correlation observed suggests a potential role for ficolin-2 in the age-related immune responses associated with osteoarthritis.
Medicine
Parisa Mehrasa; Tala Pourlak
Abstract
Introduction: This is because the development of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) as the pathologic basis for the progression of severe Covid-19 disease is possible. Material and Methods: A two-step selection process that involved first screening studies based on their titles and abstracts and then reading ...
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Introduction: This is because the development of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) as the pathologic basis for the progression of severe Covid-19 disease is possible. Material and Methods: A two-step selection process that involved first screening studies based on their titles and abstracts and then reading the full texts of those studies was carried out independently by the two reviewers. Studies were considered if they were RCTs, observational cohorts, or case-control in design, described two or more patients diagnosed with Covid19, and reported measures of cytokine levels (with a focus on IL-6). The use of standardized data extraction tables allowed for the duplication of the data extraction process. Data were taken from the text of the article, the tables, and the graphs.Results: In all of the studies that were included, elevated IL-6 levels were found in Covid-19 patients. Numerous studies specifically found that patients with more severe (complicated) diseases had higher levels of IL-6 descriptions of other inflammatory markers, such as ferritin and IL2R. Six studies in total compared the levels of IL-6 in patients with complicated disease (those with ARDS, needing ICU admission, or having "severe" or "critical" presentations according to the Chinese New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Program score) and noncomplicated disease (those without the aforementioned criteria present).Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we show that elevated serum IL-6 levels are associated with complicated Covid 19 disease and that these elevated IL-6 levels are also significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. This implies that an excessive host immune response and autoimmune injury may be the result of an initial SARS-CoV2 infection that progresses to a complicated disease. These results underline the necessity of continuing, carefully designed clinical studies to clarify the function of immunomodulation, specifically IL-6 inhibition, in the treatment of severe Covid-19.
Medicine
Mirmohammadtaghi Mortazavi; Sina GHasemi
Abstract
Introduction: This systematic review will contribute to the existing body of knowledge by synthesizing the available evidence regarding the effects of morphine injection during anesthesia on hemodynamic status and acute pain intensity after tibia plate implantation surgeries in the elderly. The findings ...
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Introduction: This systematic review will contribute to the existing body of knowledge by synthesizing the available evidence regarding the effects of morphine injection during anesthesia on hemodynamic status and acute pain intensity after tibia plate implantation surgeries in the elderly. The findings may have implications for perioperative pain management strategies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of care for this vulnerable patient population.Material and Methods: Data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers using a standardized data extraction form. The extracted data will include study characteristics (author, publication year, country), study design, sample size, patient demographics (age, gender), intervention details (morphine dosage, timing of administration), comparison groups, outcome measures assessed, follow-up duration, and relevant statistical analyses.Results: The results of this analysis revealed that higher doses of morphine were associated with more pronounced effects on hemodynamic parameters, including a greater decrease in MAP and heart rate.Conclusion: this systematic review suggests that morphine injection during anesthesia may have favorable effects on hemodynamic stability and acute pain intensity in elderly patients undergoing tibia plate implantation surgeries. The administration of morphine during anesthesia appears to reduce blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations and provide effective analgesia in the immediate postoperative period.
Medicine
Ramin Azhough; Mahsa Teimoury
Abstract
Introduction: Our study examined the predictive value of six miRNAs of interest for evaluating treatment with FOLFOX and FOLFIRI when used as a first-line therapeutic option in managing patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in this context and considering the importance of this first-line treatment ...
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Introduction: Our study examined the predictive value of six miRNAs of interest for evaluating treatment with FOLFOX and FOLFIRI when used as a first-line therapeutic option in managing patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in this context and considering the importance of this first-line treatment option in managing patients with metastatic CRC.Material and Methods: We select a combination of endogenous and exogenous control miRNAs to improve the accuracy of the exosomal miRNA expression because there is currently no widely accepted best practice for exosomal miRNA normalization. Recent evidence suggests that using the same type of RNA species (miRNAs) as normalizers may be a more accurate approach than using other RNA species, such as RNU6B small nuclear RNA (U6). Due to this, we include cel-miR-39 as a spike-in (2 108 transcripts) as an exogenous normalizer and miR-16-5p as an endogen normalizer based on prior research on exosomal miRNA normalization.Results: We examined the expression of these microRNAs in 17 patients under the FOLFIRI (FIRI) protocol and 14 patients under the FOLFOX (FOX) protocol at 2 different time points (baseline and post-chemotherapy) to determine the associations between the miRNAs of interest and the response to first-line chemotherapy. At baseline (B) and post-chemotherapy (PC), there were no statistically significant differences in microRNA expression between the two chemotherapy protocols.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the discriminatory power of exosomal miR-92a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-484 for non-responder patients regardless of the treatment employed. High baseline levels of these genes were associated with a lack of response to FOLFOX chemotherapy. Increased exosomal levels of miR-143-3p and miR-221-3p at the start of therapy have a predictive value for shorter OS, whereas increased exosomal levels of miR-92a-3p and miR-486-5p are associated with lower OS and PFS1.
Covid
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of alternative systematic reviews of insulin resistance and the role of sex steroids on leptin levels. In this study, 80 articles were examined by searching the words "Insulin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex steroids". Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) ...
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The present study is a systematic review of alternative systematic reviews of insulin resistance and the role of sex steroids on leptin levels. In this study, 80 articles were examined by searching the words "Insulin", "Patients undergoing surgery" and "Sex steroids". Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) assay is a sequential 2-step immune enzymatic (sandwich) method. The patient sample is added to the reaction vessel along with paramagnetic particles coated with monoclonal antibody against sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and saline buffer with protein. After incubation in a reaction vessel, the materials attached to the solid phase are held in a magnetic field. while unbound materials are washed away. A second monoclonal anti-SHBG antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase is added to the reaction vessel. After the second incubation in the reaction vessel, the material attached to the solid phase is held in a magnetic field while unbound materials are washed away. Next, the chemiluminescent substrate is added to the dish and the light produced by the reaction is measured with a luminometer. Light production is directly proportional to SHBG concentration in the sample. The amount of analyte in the sample is determined from a stored multipoint calibration curve. In men, about 45-65% of blood testosterone is normally bound to SHBG, and the rest is weakly and reversibly bound to albumin (the main blood protein). Only about 2-3% of testosterone is immediately available to tissues as free testosterone, but testosterone that is weakly bound to albumin is also biologically active and can be easily absorbed by body tissues. In women, compared to men, testosterone binds slightly more to SHBG in the blood. In women, SHBG plays an important role in regulating the levels of male sex hormones and estrogens in the body.
Medicine
Shahram Ghasembaglou; Ali Reza Lotfi
Abstract
Introduction: In our study, we investigated the expression of XIST in LSCC cells and tissues and its functional role in cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, migration and invasion from LSCC cells. Meanwhile, the relationship between XIST, miR-125b-5p, and TRIB2 was also revealed, which may provide a good ...
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Introduction: In our study, we investigated the expression of XIST in LSCC cells and tissues and its functional role in cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, migration and invasion from LSCC cells. Meanwhile, the relationship between XIST, miR-125b-5p, and TRIB2 was also revealed, which may provide a good target for the treatment of LSCC associated with the XIST/miR-125b-5p/TRIB2 axis.Material and Methods: Transduced cells (2.5 x 103 cells/100 µl)/well) were prepared for growth analysis and seeded in 96 well plates. Cells were cultured for 24, 48, and 72 h until 10 μl of CCK-8 reagent (DOJINDO, Kumamoto, Japan) was added to each well and cultured for an additional 4 h. Optical density (OD value) was measured at an absorbance of 450 nm using a microplate readerResults: LSCC cell lines (AMC-HN-8 and M4E cells) and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69 cells) were also selected to examine XIST expression. qRT-PCR analysis data showed higher XIST in LSCC cells compared to NP69 cells. In summary, we found that XIST as an oncogene in LSCC may be an indicator of cancer progression.Conclusion: In this study, lncRNA XIST and TRIB overexpression and miR-125b-5p downregulation were observed in LSCC tissues and cells. High-grade XIST often indicates poor prognosis in LSCC patients. Inhibition of XIST slows cell growth and impairs cell metastasis and anti-apoptotic effects. Both XIST and TRIB2 have binding sites for miR-125b-5p, which was predicted for the first time in our study.
Covid
Martino Delverdoliny
Abstract
This study deals with the scientific and medical examination of uterine cancer and its various treatment methods. In the present study, which is considered a review study, the definition of uterine cancer and then its types and treatment methods and their complications have been discussed. Uterine cancer ...
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This study deals with the scientific and medical examination of uterine cancer and its various treatment methods. In the present study, which is considered a review study, the definition of uterine cancer and then its types and treatment methods and their complications have been discussed. Uterine cancer or endometrial cancer is a common disease in the reproductive system of women and their uterine tissue. This cancer, which is generally diagnosed by vaginal bleeding or abnormal body secretions, can be treated in the early stages. In addition, there are other types of this disease, such as uterine sarcoma, which are less common. Uterine cancer, which is not as common as ovarian cancer in women, usually occurs in old age and during menopause. The uterus is an organ in the female pelvis that protects the fetus until birth. This organ can suffer from different cancers such as endometrial cancer, sarcoma cancer and cervical cancer, which may have different symptoms and treatment. Uterine cancer generally occurs in old age and during menopause due to hormonal imbalance. Unfortunately, modern science does not have accurate information for the cause of this cancer, as well as its treatment methods. Only methods such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, etc. are used to improve the patient's condition and prevent the progression of the disease. However, these methods have many side effects. Of course, in the current situation where there is no alternative solution, it is the best method and the most common method.
Medicine
Moen Hosein Pour Feyzi; Majid Montazer Bavil Olyaee
Abstract
Introduction: The symptoms of anastomotic leak often appear only at a late stage or are nonspecific, with many different diagnoses and treatments available with no clear consensus on the underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary of the existing literature on the ...
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Introduction: The symptoms of anastomotic leak often appear only at a late stage or are nonspecific, with many different diagnoses and treatments available with no clear consensus on the underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary of the existing literature on the definition and classification of thoracic esophagectomy anastomotic leak, its importance and prevalence, as well as the different risk factors, diagnoses and treatments.Material and Methods: Scopus and PubMed electronic databases were searched to identify articles published between 1995 and 2022 on AL after esophagectomy. Terms used include: “anastomotic leak,” “esophageal cancer,” “cervical,” “intrathoracic,” “diagnosis,” “management,” “risk factor,” combined with Boolean “OR” function study Frequent references for further research and related publications are searched. There is limited English language.Results: Anastomotic leak is one of the most common complications after esophagectomy and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Many projects range from small studies to large collaborations aimed at identifying potential preoperative and perioperative risks and improving diagnostic and management procedures. Despite the increase in available data, many aspects of anastomotic leak remain problematic and no general guidelines exist. Conclusion: AL after esophagectomy has many causes, is complex, and can have serious complications that will later affect the outcome. Current treatment is based on an individualized approach and reliable international evidence will help improve the prevention and treatment of AL. Treatment and patient outcomes. Higher quality evidence for such guidelines is urgently needed. The introduction of the ECCG system is a first priority to provide an up-to-date international standard for comparing the results of treatment strategies.
Covid
Martino Delverdoliny
Abstract
According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2009, 3438 babies (5.7%) were born prematurely and the average hospitalization days of premature babies (less than 32 weeks of pregnancy) was 35 days. In America, approximately 12% of low-birth-weight babies and 8% of premature babies are born. ...
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According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2009, 3438 babies (5.7%) were born prematurely and the average hospitalization days of premature babies (less than 32 weeks of pregnancy) was 35 days. In America, approximately 12% of low-birth-weight babies and 8% of premature babies are born. The length of hospitalization of these babies lasted an average of 3 weeks and cost 1000 to 2500 dollars per day of hospitalization. A baby's age is an important determining factor for his chances of survival and natural growth and development. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, babies who are born earlier than 37 weeks from the last day of menstruation are considered premature. A growing percentage of the deaths of children under 5 years of age occur in infancy. About 38% of deaths in this age group occur within the first month of life, and 28% of these cases are attributed to the birth of premature babies. Since the last two decades, the number of babies with low birth weight has increased mainly due to the increase in the number of premature births, and the rate of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period is mainly influenced by the gestational age and to a lesser extent by the influence of the birth weight. The global prevalence of preterm birth is 9.6% and approximately 12.9 million babies per year, most of which occur in Africa and Asia.
Medicine
Ali Sharifi; Fariborz Rousta
Abstract
Introduction: Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is a significant complication that can occur following thyroid surgery. Patient-related factors, surgical factors, and pathological factors contribute to the development of hypocalcemia. Prompt recognition, appropriate management, and preventive measures ...
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Introduction: Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is a significant complication that can occur following thyroid surgery. Patient-related factors, surgical factors, and pathological factors contribute to the development of hypocalcemia. Prompt recognition, appropriate management, and preventive measures are essential to minimize the occurrence of hypocalcemia and its associated complications.Material and Methods: This article aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. A retrospective cohort study design was employed to analyze data from patients who underwent thyroidectomy at a single institution. The study period spanned from January 2018 to December 2020. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the institution.Results: In the univariate logistic regression analysis, several risk factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Advanced age was found to be a significant predictor, with patients aged 60 years or older having a higher risk compared to younger individuals (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5-3.8, p<0.001). Female gender was also associated with an increased risk of hypocalcemia (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7, p=0.005)Conclusion: this study identified several risk factors associated with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, including advanced age, female gender, lower preoperative calcium levels, total thyroidectomy, presence of thyroid cancer, and extensive thyroid gland involvement. These findings can aid in preoperative risk stratification, surgical planning, and patient counseling.
Covid
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
Gallbladder-related diseases necessitate surgical intervention, with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC) being the main approaches for gallbladder removal. This abstract provides a concise comparison of the results and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy, ...
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Gallbladder-related diseases necessitate surgical intervention, with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC) being the main approaches for gallbladder removal. This abstract provides a concise comparison of the results and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy, focusing on efficacy, safety, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. Both LC and OC demonstrate comparable efficacy in achieving complete gallbladder removal and resolution of symptoms. LC offers magnified visualization and precise dissection, while OC provides direct access and tactile feedback to the surgeon. Safety analysis reveals that LC has lower rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications, attributed to reduced tissue trauma and faster recovery. However, OC remains a safe option for complex cases. LC has a lower incidence of postoperative complications, including wound infections and incisional hernias, and facilitates earlier bowel function recovery and shorter hospital stays compared to OC. Patients generally report higher satisfaction rates with LC due to reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes. However, individual patient preferences and specific circumstances may influence the choice between LC and OC. Cost-effectiveness analysis indicates higher initial costs for LC but potential savings due to reduced postoperative care and lost productivity. OC may have lower initial costs but can result in higher costs associated with prolonged hospital stays. In conclusion, both LC and OC are effective approaches for gallbladder removal, with LC demonstrating advantages in terms of reduced complications, faster recovery, and higher patient satisfaction. Surgeon expertise, patient factors, and case complexity should guide the selection of the most appropriate approach. Further research is needed to explore long-term outcomes and refine the comparison between LC and OC.
Medicine
Ali Sharifi; Abbasali Dehghani
Abstract
Introduction: The outcomes after esophagectomy have transformed the management of esophageal pathologies. esophagectomy has revolutionized the field of esophageal surgery by providing patients with less postoperative pain, reduced complications, faster recovery, and improved functional and oncological ...
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Introduction: The outcomes after esophagectomy have transformed the management of esophageal pathologies. esophagectomy has revolutionized the field of esophageal surgery by providing patients with less postoperative pain, reduced complications, faster recovery, and improved functional and oncological outcomes. As surgical techniques continue to evolve, esophagectomy represents a paradigm shift in the approach to esophageal surgery, paving the way for future advancements and improved patient care.Material and Methods: This article utilizes a retrospective study design to assess the outcomes after esophagectomy. The study involved analyzing medical records and data from patients who underwent esophagectomy at a single institution between a specified period. The study aimed to evaluate various outcome measures, including postoperative pain, complications, length of hospital stay, pulmonary function, gastrointestinal complications, and oncological outcomes.Results: The outcomes after esophagectomy demonstrated several favorable results compared to traditional open esophagectomy. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the esophagectomy group, with a mean visual analog scale (VAS) score of 3.5 (range: 1-7) compared to 6.8 (range: 4-9) in the open surgery group (p < 0.001). This reduction in pain allowed for earlier initiation of oral intake, with a median time to resumption of oral intake of 3 days in the esophagectomy group compared to 7 days in the open surgery group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the favorable outcomes after esophagectomy and emphasizes its potential as a pioneering surgical technique in the field of esophageal surgery. esophagectomy offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, improved pulmonary function, and decreased rates of gastrointestinal complications.
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
Laparoscopic esophagostomy (LE) and open esophagostomy (OE) are two surgical approaches used to create an esophageal opening for enteral nutrition and medication administration. This abstract presents a comprehensive comparison of LE and OE, focusing on efficacy, safety, postoperative complications, ...
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Laparoscopic esophagostomy (LE) and open esophagostomy (OE) are two surgical approaches used to create an esophageal opening for enteral nutrition and medication administration. This abstract presents a comprehensive comparison of LE and OE, focusing on efficacy, safety, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. Both techniques have shown efficacy in providing adequate nutrition and medication support. LE offers advantages in terms of precise dissection and securement of the feeding tube or catheter due to magnified visualization and improved access to the esophagus. OE allows for direct access to the esophagus, enabling accurate placement of the esophagostomy opening and tactile feedback to the surgeon. In terms of safety, LE is associated with a minimally invasive approach, resulting in reduced tissue trauma, decreased blood loss, lower rates of wound infections, and shorter hospital stays compared to OE. However, OE can still be performed safely and effectively by experienced surgeons. Postoperative complications, including wound infections, respiratory complications, and incisional hernias, have been reported to occur less frequently in LE compared to OE. Patient satisfaction is generally higher with LE due to reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes. However, OE can still yield satisfactory results. The choice between LE and OE should be based on individual patient factors, surgeon expertise, and the complexity of the case. Further research is needed to optimize outcomes and refine the comparison between the two techniques.
Covid
Ali Reza Lotfi; Mansour Rezaei
Abstract
Introduction: Gastrectomy plays a central role in the management of gastric cancer, and its short-term outcomes have significant implications for patient care and treatment decisions. Surgical morbidity, postoperative recovery, length of hospital stays, and the impact of minimally invasive techniques ...
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Introduction: Gastrectomy plays a central role in the management of gastric cancer, and its short-term outcomes have significant implications for patient care and treatment decisions. Surgical morbidity, postoperative recovery, length of hospital stays, and the impact of minimally invasive techniques and lymph node dissection are all critical factors to consider.Material and Methods: This study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer. A retrospective cohort study design was employed to analyze data from a single-center database. The study period spanned from 2019 to 2020.Results: Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with surgical morbidity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced tumor stage (2.25 95% CI, 2.11-3.19), open surgical approach (5.51 95% CI: 4.88-7.19), and a higher Clavien-Dindo classification (5.595% CI: 5-12.3) were independent predictors of surgical morbidity. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and management of complications, as well as the potential benefits of minimally invasive techniques in reducing surgical morbidity (fig 3).Conclusion: In conclusion, the study on short-term outcomes of gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer provides valuable insights into the potential risks and benefits associated with the surgical procedure. It emphasizes the need for careful patient selection, meticulous surgical techniques, and comprehensive postoperative care to optimize outcomes and enhance patient satisfaction. Further research is warranted to explore long-term oncological outcomes and survival to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the overall impact of gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Chemical Engineering
Martin Zbuzant
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of educational technology and Chemical Engineering and the use of educational tools and software in teaching. Many teachers and professors believe that in the matter of education and teaching, many subjects and topics cannot be conveyed well to ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of educational technology and Chemical Engineering and the use of educational tools and software in teaching. Many teachers and professors believe that in the matter of education and teaching, many subjects and topics cannot be conveyed well to the learners in the traditional way. Therefore, nowadays, in order to make education easier, using tools and equipment in the teaching process and clarifying the lesson content, the use of educational tools and software by teachers is inevitable. A smart school, as a learning organization, has evolved over time and continuously develops its professional staff, educational resources, and executive capabilities. In the world of technology, where every day we are faced with new developments and achievements in the field of communication technology products, the only way to develop societies is to keep pace with this progress. The use of these technologies is inevitable in the discussion of education, which is the basic foundation of improving the scientific, cultural, social and political level of society. If the developing countries want to step in parallel with the advanced countries and increase their scientific and research capacity, they need to learn new and efficient methods that can bring the country to the desired scientific level in a shorter period of time. In countries like Iran, where new technologies are introduced quickly and are generally used in practice, the lack of alignment of education in schools with the facilities available in social and family environments will cause boredom and sometimes fatigue and reluctance of students. Smart schools are created with the aim of preparing students for the future. In smart schools that have been made smart by school software, the computer affects the way of teaching and evaluation and changes the curriculum to some extent.
Covid
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
Breast cancer surgery plays a critical role in the management of breast cancer and is aimed at improving survival rates. Evidence-based guidelines have been developed to provide standardized recommendations for surgical interventions in breast cancer patients. These guidelines encompass various aspects ...
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Breast cancer surgery plays a critical role in the management of breast cancer and is aimed at improving survival rates. Evidence-based guidelines have been developed to provide standardized recommendations for surgical interventions in breast cancer patients. These guidelines encompass various aspects of breast cancer surgery, including the selection of appropriate surgical procedures, achievement of clear surgical margins, timing of surgery, and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration. The guidelines emphasize the importance of achieving clear surgical margins, which is associated with a decreased risk of local recurrence and improved survival rates. Breast-conserving surgery, such as lumpectomy, is recommended in eligible patients to achieve tumor removal while preserving the breast. Mastectomy, the complete removal of breast tissue, may be necessary in certain cases, and the guidelines provide recommendations for patient selection and optimal timing. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an integral part of breast cancer surgery for accurate staging and determining appropriate adjuvant therapies. The guidelines highlight the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure comprehensive evaluation, treatment planning, and follow-up care. Adherence to these guidelines, along with the integration of systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, has shown to improve survival rates in breast cancer patients. Ongoing research and advancements in surgical techniques and molecular profiling continue to refine these guidelines, further enhancing the effectiveness of breast cancer surgery and overall patient survival rates. By following these evidence-based guidelines, healthcare professionals can optimize patient care and contribute to increased survival rates in breast cancer patients.
Covid
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
Thyroidectomy, the surgical removal of the thyroid gland, is a commonly performed procedure for various thyroid conditions. In recent years, laparoscopic thyroidectomy (LT) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to open thyroidectomy (OT). This abstract presents a comparison of the results between ...
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Thyroidectomy, the surgical removal of the thyroid gland, is a commonly performed procedure for various thyroid conditions. In recent years, laparoscopic thyroidectomy (LT) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to open thyroidectomy (OT). This abstract presents a comparison of the results between laparoscopic and open thyroidectomy, specifically focusing on surgical efficacy, safety, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. Several studies have reported comparable or even superior outcomes with laparoscopic thyroidectomy in terms of surgical efficacy. LT provides magnified visualization and improved access to the surgical field, resulting in lower rates of nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism, while achieving equivalent rates of complete tumor resection and lymph node dissection. In terms of safety, laparoscopic thyroidectomy has demonstrated advantages over open thyroidectomy. It is associated with reduced blood loss, lower rates of wound infections, decreased postoperative pain, and improved cosmetic outcomes due to smaller incisions. However, the learning curve for surgeons must be considered, as adequate training and experience are crucial for ensuring patient safety during laparoscopic procedures. Studies consistently report lower rates of postoperative complications with laparoscopic thyroidectomy, including wound infections, hematoma formation, seroma formation, and postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is also lower with laparoscopy. Patient satisfaction tends to be higher with laparoscopic thyroidectomy due to reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, improved cosmetic outcomes, and shorter hospital stays. In conclusion, laparoscopic thyroidectomy offers potential benefits in terms of surgical efficacy, safety, lower rates of postoperative complications, and higher patient satisfaction compared to open thyroidectomy.
Health
Saman Nasrollazadeh; Behrooz Nazari; Mohammad Irajian
Abstract
Introduction: Volar plate arthroplasty is an effective surgical intervention for addressing PIP joint pathologies. However, concerns regarding postoperative ROM limitations have prompted the exploration of adjunctive techniques, such as dorsal blocking pinning. This article aims to investigate the role ...
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Introduction: Volar plate arthroplasty is an effective surgical intervention for addressing PIP joint pathologies. However, concerns regarding postoperative ROM limitations have prompted the exploration of adjunctive techniques, such as dorsal blocking pinning. This article aims to investigate the role of dorsal blocking pinning in facilitating ROM changes in the PIP joint after volar plate arthroplasty.Material and Methods: ROM measurements of the PIP joint were obtained preoperatively and at regular postoperative follow-up visits. Active and passive flexion and extension of the PIP joint were measured using a goniometer. The goniometer was aligned with the longitudinal axis of the finger, with one arm aligned along the proximal phalanx and the other arm aligned along the middle phalanx. ROM measurements were recorded in degrees.Results: The ROM measurements of the PIP joint were obtained preoperatively and at regular postoperative follow-up visits. In the dorsal blocking pinning group, the mean preoperative flexion was 45 degrees (SD=8.2) and the mean preoperative extension was 10 degrees (SD=3.5). At the final follow-up visit, the mean flexion improved to 60 degrees (SD=6.1) and the mean extension improved to 20 degrees (SD=4.2)Conclusion: This study demonstrates that dorsal blocking pinning, when combined with volar plate arthroplasty, leads to significantly greater improvements in flexion and extension of the PIP joint compared to volar plate arthroplasty alone. These findings support the role of dorsal blocking pinning as an adjunctive procedure to enhance ROM outcomes and functional recovery following PIP joint arthroplasty.
