Covid
Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: TXA may lessen the need for hysterectomy, lessen the risk of developing severe anemia, and prevent the need for blood transfusions, all of which could significantly advance the objective of lowering maternal mortality, according to several RCTs that have examined the prophylactic role of ...
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Introduction: TXA may lessen the need for hysterectomy, lessen the risk of developing severe anemia, and prevent the need for blood transfusions, all of which could significantly advance the objective of lowering maternal mortality, according to several RCTs that have examined the prophylactic role of the drug (described in the discussion). Material and Methods: To make TXA injection, 1 gram (10ml) of TXA was diluted in 100ml of sterile saline. To those in the study group, TXA was infused intravenously for more than 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes before making a skin incision. The control group received no medication at all. All of the participants received spinal anesthesia. Surgery was performed by assistant professors with an MD degree and at least three years of experience. Results: Primary outcomes included blood loss from placental delivery to the conclusion of surgery and the percentage of hemoglobin difference, while secondary outcomes included the length of surgery and the percentage of patients who lost more than 500 ml of blood. There was a significant difference between the two groups in these primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusion: TXA significantly decreased the amount of blood lost during LSCS. Being in a hypercoagulable state during pregnancy increases the risk of thrombotic events. However, there were no negative side effects or complications in the first few weeks after delivery when this antifibrinolytic was used. So, when subjects are undergoing LSCS, TXA can be applied effectively and safely.
Medicine
Amir Abbas Esmaeilzadeh; Shima Kordjazi; Ataollah Salari
Abstract
Cervical cancer chemotherapy means the use of drugs that destroy cancer cells. Medicines are injected into a vein or taken by mouth as pills. These drugs enter the bloodstream and reach the whole body. For this reason, chemotherapy is used to treat uterine cancer when uterine cancer spreads to parts ...
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Cervical cancer chemotherapy means the use of drugs that destroy cancer cells. Medicines are injected into a vein or taken by mouth as pills. These drugs enter the bloodstream and reach the whole body. For this reason, chemotherapy is used to treat uterine cancer when uterine cancer spreads to parts that are not accessible for surgery. This method can be used to prevent the recurrence of the disease and its spread to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy is not used to treat endometrial cancer in stages I and II. Chemotherapy is often prescribed in a cycle, meaning a period of treatment and a period of rest. Chemotherapy drugs may be administered on one or more days per cycle. Uterine cancer chemotherapy can be administered intravenously, tablets, ointments and injections. Treatment is often done as an outpatient visit in a hospital, clinic, and in very few cases at home. In most cases, you can return home after the treatment, but in some cases, you may need to stay in the hospital for a while. Chemotherapy can be very hard on your veins, so having a venous access device or an indwelling catheter during treatment can be a good option. The catheter is a thin and flexible tube that may be placed in your body so that there is no need to insert the catheter into the body during subsequent treatments. One end of the catheter is placed in a vein near your heart.
Covid
Stephany Margy
Abstract
Stroke, delirium, brain inflammation, encephalopathy or even confusion and neuromuscular disorders are part of the list of observed pathologies. The people who conducted this research emphasize that many people who experience these neurological symptoms are under 50 years of age and seemed to be in good ...
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Stroke, delirium, brain inflammation, encephalopathy or even confusion and neuromuscular disorders are part of the list of observed pathologies. The people who conducted this research emphasize that many people who experience these neurological symptoms are under 50 years of age and seemed to be in good health before the infection. American doctors believe that corona virus can lead to sudden stroke in young people, and according to scientific research, one third of corona patients suffer from neurological disorders within six months. Rapid reduction of brain gray matter has been observed in people with Covid-19. A new study has shown that even mild cases of Covid-19 can cause brain shrinkage and rapid gray matter loss. The study, published in the journal nature, examined brain scans of people before contracting the coronavirus and in the months after. This is the first case of its kind that has a longitudinal approach and examines changes over time. In this study, 785 people underwent two brain scans with a gap of about three years from each other. Among this group, 401 people were infected with the corona virus, most of which were mild cases that did not require hospitalization. The studied subjects were in the age range of 51 to 81 years. Of this group of people who got infected with the coronavirus, compared to people who never got infected, the level of gray matter loss in their brains was accelerated.
Medicine
Saman Nasrollazadeh; Behrooz Nazari; Mohammad Irajian
Abstract
Introduction: Volar plate arthroplasty has proven to be an effective surgical intervention for addressing PIP joint pathologies. However, postoperative pain management remains a significant challenge in achieving optimal outcomes. Dorsal blocking pinning has emerged as a potential solution to reduce ...
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Introduction: Volar plate arthroplasty has proven to be an effective surgical intervention for addressing PIP joint pathologies. However, postoperative pain management remains a significant challenge in achieving optimal outcomes. Dorsal blocking pinning has emerged as a potential solution to reduce pain and improve patient satisfaction. By limiting dorsal translation and extension of the PIP joint, this technique may provide additional stability, alleviate discomfort, and promote better healing. Material and Methods: All surgeries were performed by a single experienced orthopedic surgeon specializing in hand surgery. The volar plate arthroplasty technique involved a standard approach with a volar incision, exposure and reduction of the PIP joint, and fixation with a volar plate. In the dorsal blocking pinning group, an additional step was performed following the volar plate fixation. A 1.6 mm Kirschner wire was inserted dorsally into the PIP joint, providing additional stability and limiting dorsal translation and extension of the joint. Results: Pain intensity scores were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) at multiple time points postoperatively. In the dorsal blocking pinning group, a significant reduction in pain intensity was observed over time (p<0.001). At 24 hours after surgery, the mean pain score was 6.8 ± 1.2. By 1 week, the pain intensity decreased to 4.2 ± 0.9, and further decreased to 2.1 ± 0.6 at 4 weeks. At the final follow-up of 12 weeks, the mean pain score was 1.5 ± 0.4, indicating a substantial reduction in pain compared to the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the role of dorsal blocking pinning in reducing pain in the PIP joint following volar plate arthroplasty. The additional stability provided by the dorsal blocking pin contributes to improved pain management and potentially enhances patient comfort and satisfaction.
Chemical Engineering
Rozita Kaviani; Ahmad Omidvar; Amir Arezi
Abstract
In recent years, cogeneration systems have been considered to increase the efficiency and optimal use of energy sources for the production of electrical energy and heat energy. Electricity and heat energy cogeneration systems can achieve up to 70% efficiency, and at the realistic and subsidized rates ...
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In recent years, cogeneration systems have been considered to increase the efficiency and optimal use of energy sources for the production of electrical energy and heat energy. Electricity and heat energy cogeneration systems can achieve up to 70% efficiency, and at the realistic and subsidized rates of energy carriers, the beneficiaries of these systems supply the demand and supply sectors. In this study, the optimal working point of a system consisting of several independent units, capable of trading electricity, based on the consumption of various fuels, and utilization of storage tank was determined using genetic algorithm, and modeling accuracy were compared. Other references have also been made. The simulation results show that in the temperate seasons and summer, the cogeneration system meets all electrical and thermal requirements during the 22-23 hours due to the high electricity grid rate and at the end of 24 hours, the total cogeneration cost For almost all seasons 50% less than the conventional production system. It has also been shown that the use of absorption chillers has improved the ratio of electrical and heat loads, and the efficiency of the cogeneration system has increased compared to the previous state, and the heat energy loss has also decreased.
Environmental Engineering
Milad Karimi
Abstract
Process mixers and reactors are customized equipment with different capabilities that are designed and built for different pressure and temperature conditions according to process requirements. This equipment is available in atmospheric, pressure and vacuum, single-wall, double-wall and triple-wall types. ...
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Process mixers and reactors are customized equipment with different capabilities that are designed and built for different pressure and temperature conditions according to process requirements. This equipment is available in atmospheric, pressure and vacuum, single-wall, double-wall and triple-wall types. The design and construction of these mixers is based on the latest standard editions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the use of up-to-date mixer technology and the creativity of the creativity of experienced mechanical engineers and (Pharmaceutical Equipment Department of mechanical engineers group - Petromana). According to the needs of these mixers and reactors, they can be used in various chemical, food, sanitary, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Also, considering the necessary requirements in designing and manufacturing, injectable drugs are also widely used. All types of reactors and fermenters can be produced in the family of these products. All industrial mixers have a mechanism similar to a simple household device, they all have a power generator, power transmission, blades and a container for storing materials. Only in some types, the blade type changes depending on the ingredients that are to be mixed. The material input is a constant flow, just like a river with a very calm surface and a very turbulent depth. The liquid surface remains constant and does not mix well. In this situation, we have no choice but to change the type of blade. The available options are to design the same shaft in the liquid surface and increase the number according to the need and length of the shaft, for example, design the same shaft in the middle of the liquid, but what if the liquid becomes denser and thicker? In this study, hybrid mixers have been investigated.
Health
Ghazal Tanzifi; Amirhossein Ahmadi Vand Koshki
Abstract
Fortunately, with the advancement of medical science and early diagnosis of many types of cancer, we can hope for its complete treatment. Some believe that cancer is a disease that occurs mostly in elderly people. Although most of the time they are right, but many young people also get cancer. A large ...
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Fortunately, with the advancement of medical science and early diagnosis of many types of cancer, we can hope for its complete treatment. Some believe that cancer is a disease that occurs mostly in elderly people. Although most of the time they are right, but many young people also get cancer. A large number of researchers around the world are working to find the best and newest way to treat cancer. Among these researchers, some of them are trying to reduce the medical and therapeutic wastes that cause the patients a lot of pain. One of the important side effects of radiotherapy is the destruction of healthy cells and damage to the skin, which causes secretions, wounds and skin necrosis. Currently, to prevent these wastes, dozang oxide cream or ointment is used, which has not been seen to have a good effect. Fortunately, there is a lot of information in modern and ancient medicine related to the healing properties of aloe plant, including the healing of skin wounds, burns, sunburn, and skin inflammation, which facilitates its use in modern medicine. Radiotherapy in high doses destroys cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA has been damaged beyond repair will stop dividing and die. When damaged cells die, they are broken down and removed by the body. Radiotherapy does not kill cancer cells immediately. It takes days or weeks for the treatment to damage the DNA enough to kill the cancer cells. Then, cancer cells continue to die for weeks or months after the end of radiation therapy.
Mohsen Nabiuni; Jaber Hatam; Maryam Milanifard; Elham Seidkhani; Amin Jahanbakhshi
Abstract
In American football, athletes regularly suffer minor head injuries. In fact, these blows are those that are not strong enough to cause symptoms of brain damage or even clinical symptoms. However, the repetition of these blows during a football season is associated with changes in neurophysiology and ...
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In American football, athletes regularly suffer minor head injuries. In fact, these blows are those that are not strong enough to cause symptoms of brain damage or even clinical symptoms. However, the repetition of these blows during a football season is associated with changes in neurophysiology and neuropsychology in athletes, and their accumulation in the long term can be the cause of severe neurological diseases such as Alzheimer''s and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Because minor head concussions do not cause symptoms, it is very difficult to ascertain brain damage and determine when an athlete should be out of action. To conduct these experiments, Oliver and his colleagues used a simple and readily available diagnostic test to identify and monitor minor head impacts in sample athletes during a football season. They also emphasized that it is better to periodically measure the biomarkers of head injuries. A new study from the University of Eastern Finland shows that certain plasma microRNAs can serve as diagnostic biomarkers in mild concussion injury. Biomarkers have been discovered in an animal model and successfully used to diagnose mild brain injury in a subgroup of patients. This study was published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Covid
Nina Pilehvar; Mansour Rezaei
Abstract
Intraoperative neuro-monitoring (IONM) is a crucial technique employed in neurosurgery to assess and preserve the functional integrity of the nervous system during surgical procedures. This scoping review aims to explore and summarize the existing literature on the utility of IONM in neurosurgery, focusing ...
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Intraoperative neuro-monitoring (IONM) is a crucial technique employed in neurosurgery to assess and preserve the functional integrity of the nervous system during surgical procedures. This scoping review aims to explore and summarize the existing literature on the utility of IONM in neurosurgery, focusing on its benefits, limitations, and current advancements. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted, and relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023 were included. The review encompassed a wide range of neurosurgical procedures, including spinal, cranial, and peripheral nerve surgeries. The included studies predominantly focused on the application of various IONM modalities, such as somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). The findings of this scoping review highlight the utility of IONM across different neurosurgical procedures. The use of IONM was consistently associated with a reduction in the incidence of postoperative neurological deficits, aiding in the prevention of nerve injuries and subsequent functional impairments. Furthermore, IONM was found to assist in identifying and localizing neural structures, guiding surgical approaches, and optimizing patient outcomes.
Chemical Engineering
Frank Delborty
Abstract
Regarding this question, it should be strongly said that in most cases the answer is yes. Many of these power plants' problems can be solved, and the national ORNL laboratories play an important role in this regard. Choosing the right place for the right design, design and management can lead to further ...
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Regarding this question, it should be strongly said that in most cases the answer is yes. Many of these power plants' problems can be solved, and the national ORNL laboratories play an important role in this regard. Choosing the right place for the right design, design and management can lead to further solutions to these problems. As mentioned earlier, the use of fish ladders, aeration and flow control in large dams is one such solution. Environmental solutions have always existed, meaning that activities can be performed to eliminate or minimize the effects of these projects, or ultimately to compensate for them in some way. In hydropower projects, work can be done to resolve, alleviate, or mitigate the problem before it occurs. ORNL experts have been working for over a decade to effectively evaluate these problems and provide solutions to them. We are currently assisting the US Department of Energy to, with the help of industry, present a plan for the technological development of these power plants in an environmentally friendly manner. Large dams in the Pacific Northwest have stairways for fish that allow adult free fish to enter the river from the ocean to spawn young fish. The fish ladder is a classic example of this. Today, it is found that resident fish in one area also migrate seasonally to spawn to other areas and therefore need a crossing to cross.
Mamthematics Chemistry
Milad Karimi
Abstract
The amount of solar energy received in Iran is estimated at an average of 18 mega joules per square meter per day or around 1016 mega joules per year in the country. This amount of energy is more than 4000 times the total energy consumed in the country. With this amount of received energy and having ...
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The amount of solar energy received in Iran is estimated at an average of 18 mega joules per square meter per day or around 1016 mega joules per year in the country. This amount of energy is more than 4000 times the total energy consumed in the country. With this amount of received energy and having suitable lands for using the sun and the relatively simple technology of various applications of solar energy, all the energy needs of the country can be provided by using solar energy. Certainly, achieving a high yield requires spending more. Also, in cold regions, reaching a stable system requires the use of various pumps and valves. Therefore, an acceptable system is a system that results in a combination of high conditions, long life, low cost of maintenance and low cost of working conditions. In all existing solar systems, 1 or 2 water storage tanks can be used, provided that an electric element or another heat source is used in one of the tanks to compensate for heat loss resulting from static water. It is obvious that the heat loss caused by one tank is less than the heat loss caused by two storage tanks due to its smaller cross section. In the case of storage tanks, one should pay great attention to their insulation type so that it does not cause heat loss. The use of an auxiliary storage tank or a gas heating system or heating element in times of cloudy conditions will greatly help to compensate for the lack of available heat.
Chemical Engineering
Frank Delborty
Abstract
Construction of hydropower, wind, solar, nuclear, geothermal and recycling power plants. It is one of the solutions that the experts in this field of energy production have succeeded so far and have made significant progress in the world by presenting appropriate plans. Iran also did not hold back from ...
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Construction of hydropower, wind, solar, nuclear, geothermal and recycling power plants. It is one of the solutions that the experts in this field of energy production have succeeded so far and have made significant progress in the world by presenting appropriate plans. Iran also did not hold back from this convoy and by building hydropower plants and using the potential of the country's surface water, which amounts to 50. TVVH / y annual energy production by this type of power plants, has taken a step that the vision It puts a light in front of it. Attention and emphasis on sustainable and economic development of energy supply in the national sphere, reduction of greenhouse gases to prevent environmental degradation, expansion of production capacities and increase of energy revenues, replacement of fossil products including oil and gas in power plants, maximum use. The potential of the country's hydroelectric power and ultimately the economic efficiency of this type of power plants during operation to balance the supply of cheap energy to consumers is one of the goals of the energy production sector in our country. In order to implement these goals, the Ministry of Energy based on coherent and purposeful planning in order to realize the full utilization of hydropower generation facilities, which in this context in the framework of energy development and diversification of Iran water and power resources development company, which is organized. He is one of the specialists in the design and construction of hydropower plants, and in the form of this company, he was able to carry out the planned programs in the hydropower sector.
Medicine
Amin Moradi; Naghi Abedini
Abstract
Introduction: Our study compared the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing TKA using the three different administration methods—IV, IA, and combined IV and IA—in terms of total blood loss and the rate of allogeneic transfusion. We also wanted to compare the frequency of ...
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Introduction: Our study compared the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing TKA using the three different administration methods—IV, IA, and combined IV and IA—in terms of total blood loss and the rate of allogeneic transfusion. We also wanted to compare the frequency of wound complications and venous thromboembolism (VTE) among these regimens.Material and Methods: 66 TKA patients were divided into four groups based on the route of tranexamic acid administration: IV only, IA only, low-dose combined (IV + IA injection of 1 g), and high-dose combined (IV + IA injection of 2 g). This research involved 66 patients who underwent TKA between March 2019 and March 2020. Comparing the groups revealed differences in the estimated total blood loss, allogeneic transfusion rate, hemoglobin loss, frequency of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, wound complications, and periprosthetic joint infection.Results: There were no differences between the other three groups, but the combined high and low dose group and the IA only group lost less blood overall than the IV only group did. None of the study groups' patients received an allogeneic transfusion. There were no other symptomatic VTE events in any group, with the exception of one patient in the IV-only group who developed a symptomatic pulmonary embolism.Conclusion: Regardless of whether it is combined with IV administration, IA tranexamic acid administration further reduces blood loss after unilateral TKA compared to IV use alone. With respect to further reducing blood loss in comparison to IA alone, this study did not find any additional effects of IV combination.
Medicine
Moen Hosein Pour Feyzi; Ahmad Sheykhloo
Abstract
Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure performed to treat various thyroid disorders. In recent years, advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative management have contributed to improved outcomes and reduced complications. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ...
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Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure performed to treat various thyroid disorders. In recent years, advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative management have contributed to improved outcomes and reduced complications. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of modern surgical techniques and perioperative complications management in thyroidectomy. The review encompasses a wide range of literature, including original research studies, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines. It explores various modern surgical techniques employed in thyroidectomy, such as minimally invasive approaches (e.g., endoscopic and robotic-assisted), intraoperative nerve monitoring, and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging. The benefits, limitations, and outcomes associated with these techniques are discussed, highlighting their impact on surgical precision, postoperative recovery, and patient satisfaction. Additionally, the review addresses the perioperative complications management in thyroidectomy, focusing on key areas such as bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, and surgical site infection. It discusses the identification and management of risk factors, the role of advanced imaging and monitoring techniques, and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in optimizing patient outcomes. Overall, this scoping review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current evidence on modern surgical techniques and perioperative complications management in thyroidectomy. It serves as a valuable resource for surgeons, healthcare professionals, and researchers, offering insights into the advancements, challenges, and future directions in this field, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and surgical practice.
Chemical Engineering
Rozita Kaviani; Amir Arezi
Abstract
The ability of pinch technology to provide a general approach to process design and analysis, but it is incapable of analyzing systems that include power in addition to heat. On the other hand, exergy analysis The main limitation of exergy analysis is the lack of a comprehensive system design method. ...
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The ability of pinch technology to provide a general approach to process design and analysis, but it is incapable of analyzing systems that include power in addition to heat. On the other hand, exergy analysis The main limitation of exergy analysis is the lack of a comprehensive system design method. The combined analysis of punch and exergy, obtained from combining the two mentioned methods, uses both methods to remove both methods’ limitations. In this article, by introducing the Ahvaz Ramin power plant as the studied power plant, an attempt has been made to identify and examine effective improvements using the CPEA(Combined pinch and Exergy Analysis) method. Three proposed correction scenarios have been used to optimize the power plant: 1- Approaching the pins, 2- Increasing the steam in the boiler 3- Decreasing the condenser pressure. The results show that it is possible to increase the studied power plant’s efficiency by about 1.7% by using this method. The fuel consumption of 1569 cubic meters per hour reduces emissions by about 1.7 percent (equivalent to 20 tons per hour). Therefore, the production of pollutants is significantly reduced. Thermoflow software (Steam Pro) simulated the power plant and Aspen Pinch software for CPEA analysis.
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
When a coronary artery narrows or closes, the area of the heart through which the artery is lubricated becomes ischemic and damaged, and a heart attack may occur. Oxygen is directly related to heart activity. The more active the heart, the greater the need for oxygen, and the coronary artery blood flow ...
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When a coronary artery narrows or closes, the area of the heart through which the artery is lubricated becomes ischemic and damaged, and a heart attack may occur. Oxygen is directly related to heart activity. The more active the heart, the greater the need for oxygen, and the coronary artery blood flow is adjusted according to the heart muscle's need for oxygen. The heart muscle consumes about 65% of the oxygen in the coronary artery, while other tissues in the body consume a maximum of 25% of the oxygen in the blood of the coronary artery. Also, unlike other tissues in the body, 75% of the heart muscle blood is supplied at rest by diastole of the heart. The coronary arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle. The right and left coronary arteries branch from the aorta just above the aortic valve, then enter the heart and supply blood to the capillaries of the heart muscle. The two grooves meet at the posterior region of the heart in a place called the CRUX, where the AV group is located. If the RCA supplies blood to the cortex, these people are called the dominant right. The descending RCA branch intoxicates the left posterior muscle. Approximately 18% of people with CCA and RCA donate blood to the heart crocus, in which case it is called a balanced arterial pattern.
Medicine
Roksana Babazadehkhoushrodi; Mohammadreza Babazadehkhoushroudi
Abstract
Introduction & Aim: The problem of crack formation during apical cavity preparation is one of the current challenges of endodontic problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro evaluation of effect of supporting bone on preventing cracks in roots resected by ultrasonic and bur.Materials ...
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Introduction & Aim: The problem of crack formation during apical cavity preparation is one of the current challenges of endodontic problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro evaluation of effect of supporting bone on preventing cracks in roots resected by ultrasonic and bur.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 113 single-rooted human teeth with single canal and direct root were examined in the control group (40 teeth) and the experimental group (73 teeth). To evaluate the number of canals and the curvature of the root, P.A digital radiographs were prepared from buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. All teeth were evaluated for surgical microscopy in terms of crack, external analysis, and any defect. In all samples, the apical cavity was provided with diamond burs and a spray of air and then irrigated with sodium hypochlorite. In the control and experimental group, the samples were divided into two groups with of supporting bone and no of supporting bone. Each group was again divided into two subgroups (A, B). Then from the 3 mm apical portion of the roots, it was cut off by bur (subgroup A) and ultrasonic (subgroup B). The cut surface was examined by endoscopy microscope for presence or absence of crack.Results: All samples with supporting bone in both groups were free from cracks by ultrasonic and bur. In endodontic roots, without supporting bone, 92.86% in bur method and 90% in the ultrasonic technique, lacked cracks. In the control group, without bone support, 20% in the bur method and all the samples in the ultrasonically free of cracks.Conclusion: Supporting bone prevents cracking in endodontic roots by ultrasonic and bur.
Chemical Engineering
Kim Lo Han
Abstract
In this research, thermal and catalytic pyrolysis and the amount of liquid product obtained from pyrolysis and its composition have been considered. In pyrolysis of each polymer, the amount of liquid product was increased by performing several optimization steps on the reactor. According to studies, ...
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In this research, thermal and catalytic pyrolysis and the amount of liquid product obtained from pyrolysis and its composition have been considered. In pyrolysis of each polymer, the amount of liquid product was increased by performing several optimization steps on the reactor. According to studies, among the three catalysts used, the FCC catalyst produces the most liquid product and the HZSM-5 catalyst releases most of the product as gas due to the small pore size. By gas chromatography test, the percentage of liquid product components, aromatic, olefin, paraffin and naphthenic in the product were obtained and also liquid product components were obtained based on the number of carbons. The results of gas chromatography test show that a significant percentage of the product in pyrolysis with FCC catalyst is olefins. Evaluation can be said that in pyrolysis of rubbers (polybutadiene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber) due to the presence of many double bonds in their structure and the formation of many radicals during pyrolysis, a pyrolysis process will be multi-stage and unlike plastic pyrolysis. The hydrocarbon liquid product is extracted separately and in several stages. The trend of temperature changes in pyrolysis of tires is also increasing and decreasing.
Covid
Mahmoud Ali Hassan
Abstract
The purpose of coronary artery angioplasty is to revascularize the heart muscle, which is responsible for reducing angina pain and increasing life expectancy. PTCA is an invasive intervention method used in patients with angina pectoris as well as acute MI. Unstable angina that does not respond to drug ...
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The purpose of coronary artery angioplasty is to revascularize the heart muscle, which is responsible for reducing angina pain and increasing life expectancy. PTCA is an invasive intervention method used in patients with angina pectoris as well as acute MI. Unstable angina that does not respond to drug treatment and lasts less than 1 year affects the patient's quality of life. Chronic and debilitating angina and new ECG changes include ST-segment elevation and pathological Q-wave. Acute MI that lasts less than 6 hours with or without concomitant use of thrombolytic agents and patients for whom CABG is dangerous. The patient should trust the treatment team, as fear can lead to vagal attacks of PTCA failure. Initially used as an alternative non-surgical invasive treatment for patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting, today it is an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Acute MI with fibrinolytic drugs. Acute pulmonary edema is a condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Fluid may accumulate in the interstitial space or alveoli. Acute pulmonary edema is an acute event caused by heart failure, it can be acutely caused by factors such as myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. Myocardial infarction as an ischemic effect can reduce ventricular dilatation and its function can significantly increase cardiac output. As resistance increases, left ventricular filling causes the blood to return to the pulmonary circulation.
Applied Chemistry
Frank Invercor
Abstract
Percolation is a process similar to sintering with a liquid phase, except that here the solid phase is first formed in a porous molded body, and the solid metal phase is formed from the outside during sintering and is allowed to permeate the porous system. Additional shrinkage can be prevented by liquid ...
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Percolation is a process similar to sintering with a liquid phase, except that here the solid phase is first formed in a porous molded body, and the solid metal phase is formed from the outside during sintering and is allowed to permeate the porous system. Additional shrinkage can be prevented by liquid phase sintering, which results in dimensional stability of the product except for one percent growth, which is due to a thin surface layer of liquid metal formed on the part. This method is used for systems that have two or more components and their melting temperatures are very different. Excluding the hot compaction method, percolation is the only powder processing method that can produce a perfect density close to the lattice shape. All other densification processes require the material to shrink and thus destroy the correct shape and dimensions. With machining, pressure densification or powder injection into the mold, seletonization is formed earlier than percolation, complexity in the design of parts such as cuts, internal angles and multiple surfaces that can be released to size in high density parts. which are produced by extrusion or hot pressing are not possible. Another unique feature of percolation is that under suitable conditions for segment angles and limited solubility between low-melt and high-melt phase systems, fully entangled continuous networks can be obtained. This is an important issue for manufacturing products that must have a combination of high thermal and electrical conductivity with an acceptable level of strength and resistance to erosion.
Medicine
Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: The common perception that this treatment has no serious side effects is probably influenced by this flawed evidence. In this large population-based study, our goals were to determine whether there was an independent relationship between the amount of oxytocin exposed during labor and the ...
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Introduction: The common perception that this treatment has no serious side effects is probably influenced by this flawed evidence. In this large population-based study, our goals were to determine whether there was an independent relationship between the amount of oxytocin exposed during labor and the risk of developing severe PPH and to determine whether the prophylactic use of oxytocin after delivery affected this relationship. Material and Methods: women who had straightforward pregnancies and delivered term singletons vaginally. Cases were 1483 women with severe PPH, which was indicated by peripartum hemoglobin changes of less than 4 g/dl or the requirement for blood transfusions. 90 women from a randomly selected group of expectant mothers without PPH served as the controls. Using two-level multivariable logistic regression modeling, the independent relationship between the oxytocin level during labor and the risk of developing severe PPH was examined and quantified with ORs. Results: After adjusting for all possible confounders, oxytocin exposure during labor was linked to a higher risk of severe PPH when prophylactic oxytocin was not given after delivery. With more oxytocin injected, the association became stronger. The risk of severe PPH was approximately three times higher for total doses between 2 and 4 IU and six times higher for total doses over 4 IU. Conclusion: A separate risk factor for severe PPH appears to be oxytocin during labor. Our findings add to the body of evidence highlighting the need for precautions to reduce maternal complications when oxytocin is used to speed up labor, including strict indications, the use of the lowest effective dose, and careful efficacy evaluation.
Chemistry
Rozita Kaviani
Abstract
The present research specializes in the second law analysis to characterize the balances of properties and efficiencies of processes occurring in nuclear reactions. The conceptual schema is underpinned by the paradigm of microscopic few-particle systems and the inter-particle kinetic energy and binding ...
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The present research specializes in the second law analysis to characterize the balances of properties and efficiencies of processes occurring in nuclear reactions. The conceptual schema is underpinned by the paradigm of microscopic few-particle systems and the inter-particle kinetic energy and binding potential energy determined by interactions among atomic nuclei and subatomic particles in non-equilibrium states along with irreversible phenomena. The proposed thermodynamic entropy calculation is based on energy and exergy, both being measurable properties used to directly derive entropy variations determined by elemental fission and fusion nuclear reactions in operating industrial plants. The interest in developing second law analysis founded on exergy method applied to fission and fusion nuclear reactions can be found in: i) the observation of physical phenomena and nuclear processes through a thermodynamic standpoint; ii) the need of adopting a more extended approach to nuclear reactors design in the perspective of the optimization and confrontation of different types of technologies and plant configurations
Medicine
Khosro Kolahdouzan; Behrooz Nazari
Abstract
Objective: Postoperative chronic pain (CPSP) is a common complication in musculoskeletal surgery. Physiotherapists usually treat patients with pain complaints before and after musculoskeletal surgery. The purpose of this article is (1) to identify the nature, process and importance of CPSPs; (2) expresses ...
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Objective: Postoperative chronic pain (CPSP) is a common complication in musculoskeletal surgery. Physiotherapists usually treat patients with pain complaints before and after musculoskeletal surgery. The purpose of this article is (1) to identify the nature, process and importance of CPSPs; (2) expresses the need to understand and solve the group's difficulties. We use a full collaborative transformation model to analyze pain processes and pain management strategies. Method and materials: This study is a systematic review. Results: Physicians who understand how inflammation alters the function of the immune system can select pain targets for their patients. Clinicians should not assume that patients on multidrug therapy have a medical problem. Instead, the current approach is to manage pain using preventive strategies to reduce the severity of postoperative pain and minimize the development of CPSP. Conclusion: The role of biological, surgical, psychological, and patient factors in the transition to chronic pain requires further research to better understand their relationship to pain. Serious illness and drug use. Appropriate assessment and management of risk factors for CPSP requires a team discussion to describe the patient's experience of postoperative pain and to assess the pain that occurs during surgery.
Chemical Engineering
Tayeb Mahmut
Abstract
Referring to the need for three factors of capital, materials and machinery and manpower in the implementation of development projects in the country, he said: "The private sector will never accept investment in projects without considering the profit." Engineer Droudian added: "Since water projects ...
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Referring to the need for three factors of capital, materials and machinery and manpower in the implementation of development projects in the country, he said: "The private sector will never accept investment in projects without considering the profit." Engineer Droudian added: "Since water projects are not feasible in the short term, so the capital is locked for a long time and on the other hand, even after operation, the project does not have a good return." Referring to finding a way to improve the efficiency of projects, he said: 94% of the country's extracted water is consumed in the agricultural, industrial and domestic sectors without any restrictions and disproportionate to the efficiency and price of water input, and according to the water market in Iran, efficiency The desired capital will not be realized after the completion of the project. "Many investors and contractors believe that in the implementation of projects by the private sector, projects are expected to be key in hand so that the private sector can put the projects into operation in the shortest possible time, and as a result, the project," he said. Have an acceptable profitability.
Covid
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
In this article, the Effects of esreradiol on leptin and other factors as investigated. Gonadal hormones potently control food intake and body weight. In female animals, deactivation effects of estradiol acutely and chronically influence body weight homeostasis. In rats and mice, estrogen exerts a tonic ...
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In this article, the Effects of esreradiol on leptin and other factors as investigated. Gonadal hormones potently control food intake and body weight. In female animals, deactivation effects of estradiol acutely and chronically influence body weight homeostasis. In rats and mice, estrogen exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on meal size and daily food intake throughout the ovarian cycle and a cyclic inhibitory effect during the peri-ovulatory phase. Removal of estrogen leads to changes in meal size and duration, hyperphagia, and obesity. Estrogen has similar effects in humans where it modulates periovulatory decreases in daily food intake. Additionally, reductions in estrogen are associated with changes in body weight and fat distribution in humans, which parallel the findings in animals. Estrogen has the ability to control energy balance, food intake, and body fat distribution and this may be mediated through its interaction with orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones. This review aims to explore these interactions and discuss the link between estrogen and obesity. Differences in adipose mass and distribution and glucose homeostasis in males and females have been attributed at least partly to sex steroids. Menopause is characterized by reduced estrogen production and a shift in adipose distribution from peripheral to central accumulation. Hyper androgenization in polycystic ovarian disease is associated with central (visceral) obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, ERα deficiency resulted in a decrease in energy expenditure with no change in food intake. Estrogen regulates energy balance through the central nervous system, as evidenced by the development of hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure in response to injection of ERα RNAi into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
