Chemistry
Seyedeh Shahrzad Moayeripour
Abstract
Environmental impact assessment is considered as a tool for environmental planning and management of development projects. There are several methods of environmental impact assessment. To choose the right method for each project, one should pay attention to a set of conditions and characteristics such ...
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Environmental impact assessment is considered as a tool for environmental planning and management of development projects. There are several methods of environmental impact assessment. To choose the right method for each project, one should pay attention to a set of conditions and characteristics such as method specifications, environment characteristics, and the nature of the project. The purpose of environmental impact assessment is to identify and systematically value the potential effects of projects, programs, plans, policies and laws on the physical, chemical, biological, cultural, economic and social components of the environment. The first goal of environmental impact assessment is to encourage planners and decision makers to look at and pay attention to the environment and ultimately succeed in taking actions that are compatible with the environment. Environmental impact assessment is actually a process that includes detection, prediction, assessment and mitigation of biophysical, social and other similar effects from developments proposed by decision makers and commissions. This process is designed to ensure that the impacts of the developments are well understood and accounted for before they are implemented. This assessment causes all the effects and environmental consequences to be considered by weight or other economic and social effects during the implementation of development plans. If this stage is done well, its profit will be determined in the same planning stage.
Medicine
Khosrow Hashemzadeh; Marjan Dehdilan
Abstract
Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is associated with a high frequency of allogeneic blood transfusions in CABG patients due to acquired hemostatic complications. However, allogeneic blood transfusion increases the risk of infection, morbidity and mortality, as well as prolonged ...
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Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is associated with a high frequency of allogeneic blood transfusions in CABG patients due to acquired hemostatic complications. However, allogeneic blood transfusion increases the risk of infection, morbidity and mortality, as well as prolonged hospital stay and increased hospital costs. It is important to identify patients who need injections to reduce their risk and minimize the use of allogeneic blood. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the decision of red blood cell transplantation in patients undergoing elective primary CABG.Material and Methods: This is a cross section search based on reverse data analysis. All patients who underwent elective primary CABG were included in this study. Variables analyzed included age, gender, body weight, pre-hemoglobin (Hb) levels, patient comorbidities, and other medical conditions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.Results: 83.4% patients underwent RBC transfusion. Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, age only (odds ratio [OR] = 1.040, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003, 1.001), Hb level (OR = 0.500, 95% CI: 0.387, 0.644, P < 0.001), and extracorporeal circulation time (OR = 1. 013, 95% CI: 1.004, 1.023, P < 0.001) was an important indicator of RBC cycle.Conclusion: By classifying patients according to the risk of RBC transfusion, high-risk patients can be identified and should be included in blood transfusion programs to reduce the risk of allogeneic infections.
Medicine
Mohammad Irajian; Vahid Fattahi
Abstract
Introduction: Regional anesthesia is considered an important tool in postoperative pain management while minimizing opioid use. However, post-operative recovery (characterized by peripheral nerve hyperalgesia) may reduce or completely block the effect of this change, since opioids may act better after ...
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Introduction: Regional anesthesia is considered an important tool in postoperative pain management while minimizing opioid use. However, post-operative recovery (characterized by peripheral nerve hyperalgesia) may reduce or completely block the effect of this change, since opioids may act better after the blockage is removed.Material and Methods: This study was a systematic Review. We reviewed the published literature describing the pathophysiology and development of complications after peripheral artery dissection in orthopedic surgery patients. Search for related articles using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science.Results: We included 28 articles (n=28) in our review. Perioperative peripheral nerve considerations and other postoperative pain management for orthopedic surgery patients are discussed. Multimodal strategies such as preemptive analgesia, intra-articular or intravenous anti-inflammatory drugs, and adjuvants in vain block fluid before block failure will reduce the burden of rebound pain.Conclusion: Additionally, educating the patient about the possibility of back pain is important to ensure proper use of pain relievers and to reduce the need for pain relief opioids. Understanding the effects of relapse and prevention of relapse is important to reduce the side effects associated with the use of opioids for regional anesthesia.
Chemical Engineering
Amin Ahmadpour; Mehdi Jalali
Abstract
Most of the equipment used in material transportation industries, chemical and non-chemical process industries, and even most military equipment use metal base structures. Corrosion of metals, destruction of metal structure or basic alloy is an obvious thing, the consequences of which may be economic, ...
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Most of the equipment used in material transportation industries, chemical and non-chemical process industries, and even most military equipment use metal base structures. Corrosion of metals, destruction of metal structure or basic alloy is an obvious thing, the consequences of which may be economic, human, environmental, or in general, the collection of these losses. All these unpleasant consequences stem from several factors, one of the most important and main mechanisms is the phenomenon of corrosion of metal atoms (loss of valence layer electrons of the metal in the presence of oxidizing agents) and their transformation into ions, which are forced to leave the metal structures and entering the surrounding solution or electrolyte. These phenomena lead to the loss of metal mass, which can manifest itself as a decrease in overall thickness (uniform corrosion) and progressive holes in the depth of the metal (pitting corrosion). In general, corrosion is the cause of mechanical failure and the reduction of structural strength is a target process, because its effects cause the equipment to be destroyed and taken out of service against a mechanical stress higher than the threshold of tolerance, followed by economic losses, human casualties and the environment biologically obtained. Historically, researchers and engineers have always faced the phenomenon of corrosion, and depending on the era in which they lived and the level of science and technology at that time, they used one of the methods to protect the surface against corrosion and other destructive mechanisms of the equipment's materials. Covering the surface with a resistant layer against the penetration and attacks of corrosive and destructive agents is one of the most traditional methods of protecting materials against the destructive behavior of the environment that surrounds a device during its lifetime.
Drug Design and Study
Niknaz Amiri; Nasser Koleini Mamaghani Mamaghani; Seyed Hashem Mosaddad
Abstract
Nature tourism or hiking is one of the types of mountaineering, the definition of hiking is: long walks and going to places with difficult paths in nature for recreation or exercise, according to the report of the official statistics center of Iran in the spring of 2018 187,772,940 Local travel without ...
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Nature tourism or hiking is one of the types of mountaineering, the definition of hiking is: long walks and going to places with difficult paths in nature for recreation or exercise, according to the report of the official statistics center of Iran in the spring of 2018 187,772,940 Local travel without staying overnight was done for sightseeing and entertainment. Considering the nature of Iran, this sport has attracted the attention of various people from the society, in this research, it is tried to improve the quality of nature climbing by providing innovative solutions and with the help of technology. The current research is included in the category of applied research, the sampling method in different parts of the research is the voluntary non-probability method and the research population includes people aged 20 to 45. To achieve the objectives of the research, double diamond method was used, the research stages were carried out in two phases, the first phase included the collection of theoretical information including the literature review , similar products in the market analyses , review of standards, and the second phase of data collection The design was collected through persona compilation, conducting interviews and field observations. Finally, the final checklist for the design was compiled and idea generation was done with the brainstorming method, the selected idea was evaluated and selected with the AHP method, and a prototype was made and improved during four stages of user testing. The final product is a smart wearable that is designed for less than one day nature travel, the main function of which is to carry nature travel equipment in addition to providing information related to vital and environmental signs, this product was named Hamnavard.
Medicine
Ebrahim Ghaibi; Mohammad Reza Soltani Manesh; Mohammad Bushra; Zohreh Gilani; Khadijeh Salimi Nabi; Farzaneh Zarif
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare organizational citizenship behavior and job creativity between male and female education personnel in Ahvaz District; the statistical population of this study included all the statistical population of all male and female education of Ahwaz District, with about ...
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The purpose of this study was to compare organizational citizenship behavior and job creativity between male and female education personnel in Ahvaz District; the statistical population of this study included all the statistical population of all male and female education of Ahwaz District, with about 5 people. The sample of this study consists of 5 male and female educators in Ahwaz District 2, which was used to choose from class sampling and in terms of Morgan's table. The selected method of this type of research is a comparison of the post -event type. The tools used in this study were the Questionnaire of Citizen Citizenship Behavior and Randip Creativity Questionnaire. The findings showed that, given the averages of the two groups, female prostl had higher organizational citizenship behavior than male nurses. Given the average temperature of the two groups, male pistols have more job creativity than female personnel.
Medicine
Giti Dehghan Manshadi; Nina Pilehvar
Abstract
Introduction: Anesthesia for elective neurosurgery requires a comprehensive understanding of the unique considerations and challenges associated with neurophysiology, cerebral perfusion, and the prevention of complications. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current ...
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Introduction: Anesthesia for elective neurosurgery requires a comprehensive understanding of the unique considerations and challenges associated with neurophysiology, cerebral perfusion, and the prevention of complications. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current evidence regarding anesthesia management in elective neurosurgical procedures. Material and Methods: Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of the identified studies for eligibility. Any discrepancies were resolved through discussion and consensus. Full-text articles of potentially relevant studies were then assessed for inclusion based on the predetermined criteria. Data extraction was performed using a standardized form, including study characteristics (e.g., study design, sample size), patient demographics, type of neurosurgical procedures, anesthesia techniques, intraoperative monitoring methods, hemodynamic management strategies, pain control methods, and reported outcomes. Results: Optimal hemodynamic management was crucial in maintaining cerebral perfusion and preventing ischemic or hemorrhagic complications. Individualized blood pressure targets, guided by cerebral autoregulation monitoring or transcranial Doppler, were associated with improved outcomes compared to general blood pressure targets. Goal-directed fluid therapy, guided by stroke volume variation or cardiac output monitoring, facilitated appropriate fluid administration and reduced the risk of cerebral edema. Conclusion: This systematic review provides valuable insights into anesthesia management in elective neurosurgery. The findings suggest that tailored approaches, such as TIVA, volatile anesthetics, and balanced anesthesia, can be employed based on patient-specific factors. Intraoperative monitoring techniques, including EEG, SSEPs, MEPs, and cerebral oximetry, contribute to patient safety and guide anesthesia management.
Medicine
Amir Abbas Esmaeilzadeh; Fatemeh Nasirzadeh
Abstract
Breast cancer, which is caused by rapid and abnormal growth of cells in the breast, is a complex disease in which many factors can be involved. Some factors such as age, family history, genetics and gender are not under the control of the individual. However, a person can control other factors such as ...
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Breast cancer, which is caused by rapid and abnormal growth of cells in the breast, is a complex disease in which many factors can be involved. Some factors such as age, family history, genetics and gender are not under the control of the individual. However, a person can control other factors such as smoking, physical activity, proper weight and diet to prevent breast cancer. Some researchers believe that diet can be responsible for 30-40% of all cancers. This study raises an interesting point in research to identify breast cancer risk by focusing on estrogen- or progesterone-enhancing chemicals. However, without in vivo studies, it is premature to attempt to make a definitive connection. A multifaceted approach is necessary to fully understand the role that chemicals play in the development of breast cancer. According to Dr. Truss, this should include all data from cell studies, animal studies, and human observations. The human body is [also] very complex, and studying one piece of the puzzle individually may be very different than what happens when all the pieces are put together, said Dr. Lauren Truss. Dr. Gramley added: "Even if the findings are interesting, we can't take it and apply it to humans." Evaluating the effects of these chemicals on humans is still challenging and most of them have not been studied enough. So we expect more care to be taken in interpreting observations of chemically induced changes in breast tissue, Rudel said. A new cell culture study joins the list of research investigating the link between environmental chemicals and breast cancer. Although this is a bold and premature claim, the paper overlaps with what experts currently believe. A new study suggests that certain synthetic chemicals can increase the risk of breast cancer by stimulating hormones.
Chemical Engineering
Amin Ahmadpour; Rozita Kaviani
Abstract
Today, the recovery of acetone as an expensive and widely used solvent in the production units of methyl methacrylate, bisphenol A, MTBA, plastics and synthetic fibers is very important. One of the most common recovery methods is the absorption process (solvent separation), which is sometimes used in ...
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Today, the recovery of acetone as an expensive and widely used solvent in the production units of methyl methacrylate, bisphenol A, MTBA, plastics and synthetic fibers is very important. One of the most common recovery methods is the absorption process (solvent separation), which is sometimes used in combination with surface absorption or membrane separation due to its cheapness and availability of knowledge. In this research, it was simulated with Aspen Plus V 7.2 software and the experimental rules of absorption and distillation columns, and with the Levi-Benn model to recover 99.5% of acetone from its mixture with air (10.3-687Mol/hour), the optimal conditions for the absorption tower, 20 equilibrium stages were obtained at atmospheric pressure with effluent and return gas from the separation section. In this situation, the molar ratio of the reflux of the distillation tower is 20.9 with the minimum energy consumption in the partial condenser at the rate of 2.3 Kw and 20 equilibrium stages.
Chemistry
Amin Ahmadpour
Abstract
Heat exchangers are used as the most important equipment to transfer the energy of materials to each other, to increase or decrease the energy level of material flows. The purpose of this research is to optimize and estimate costs for re-boiler, one of the leading units of National Petrochemical Industries ...
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Heat exchangers are used as the most important equipment to transfer the energy of materials to each other, to increase or decrease the energy level of material flows. The purpose of this research is to optimize and estimate costs for re-boiler, one of the leading units of National Petrochemical Industries Company. This heat exchanger is in the form of a plate, which is used as a re-boiler for tower 511. In this research, ASPEN PLUS and ASPEN EXCHANGER DESIGN & RATING software were used to design and estimate costs. This design is based on the conditions required to set up tower 511 of methanol to propylene conversion unit. Based on the designs, the required area for the converter was 2.6 square meters, which compared to the previous converter, we had an increase of about 8% in the area for heat exchange.
Chemistry
Elahe Dolati; Jalal Nourmohammadi; Hediyeh Mesbahi
Abstract
Introduction: Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for all types of cancer. But like other treatments, it often causes side effects. Using strong chemical drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells can also affect healthy cells and cause problems for the patient. Some side effects are short-lived ...
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Introduction: Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for all types of cancer. But like other treatments, it often causes side effects. Using strong chemical drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells can also affect healthy cells and cause problems for the patient. Some side effects are short-lived and others may have long-term effects. The side effects of chemotherapy can be different for each person and it depends on the type of cancer, its location, drugs and their dosage, and the general health status of the patient. Methods: In total, 35 articles with a time limit of the last 5 years were obtained by deleting 9 articles whose full text Not available; finally, 26 articles were included in the study. Results: The side effects that chemotherapy drugs may cause in the body depend on the drug composition and the severity of the body's reaction to the drug. The side effects of chemotherapy drugs are temporary and transient, and the patient does not suffer from all side effects. Therefore, mentioning the complications is only for the purpose of knowing them better and knowing the appropriate solution to deal with it. Conclusion: Many side effects of chemotherapy can be minimized by timely diagnosis, correct adjustment of drug dosage and preventive measures. It is also necessary to improve the level of awareness of the patient and his family regarding the complications caused by the need for chemotherapy in order to help manage the complications.
Chemical Engineering
Frank Rebout
Abstract
Fluid molecules adhere to objects due to their viscosity when passing through them, thus causing friction between the fluid and the body. This friction depends on the type of surface, its amount, fluid characteristics and flow. There is a transition zone between the stratified boundary cortex and the ...
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Fluid molecules adhere to objects due to their viscosity when passing through them, thus causing friction between the fluid and the body. This friction depends on the type of surface, its amount, fluid characteristics and flow. There is a transition zone between the stratified boundary cortex and the turbulent region. This practice has been extensively researched in airfoils, especially in Transonic airfoils. For example, research at NASA (ACEE: Air Craft Energy Efficiency) was conducted in the 1970s and 1980s. In this regard, they have succeeded in making airfoils with a border layer up to 60% on the upper edge and up to 50% layer on the lower edge, for the angle swept by the airfoil 26 degrees and Mach number 0.81-0.85 and Reynolds number Chord. The reduction rate of airfoil drag coefficient was 55% compared to the same airfoil with 26 angle and completely turbulent flow. As mentioned before, blowing can delay the onset of disturbance. The physical cause of this will be discussed in the section on secondary fluid. The blowing action can either give more momentum to the fluid and delay the separation, or it can dampen the turbulence and keep the boundary layer layered, thus delaying the transition point. NASA has re-used the airfoil of the previous topic and used blowing in it. The name of these airfoils (ATC: Anti Separtation Tailord Control) has been specified.
Medicine
Salar Javanmard Barbin; Negar Javanmard Barbin; Arash Dastshosteh; Mohammad Mahdi Nemati; Shiva Heidari
Abstract
The relationship between awareness and physical and mental health of people is direct and strong and is significant at the 95% confidence level. Since the Covid-19 disease is more effective on people with underlying diseases, therefore, if a person suffers from a chronic disease, it can make him sicker ...
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The relationship between awareness and physical and mental health of people is direct and strong and is significant at the 95% confidence level. Since the Covid-19 disease is more effective on people with underlying diseases, therefore, if a person suffers from a chronic disease, it can make him sicker and therefore the person has less desire to get information about this disease, which reduces the level of awareness. and this issue is also true in relation to intellectual obsessions. In such a way that students with phobia or any other mental disorder deal with the subject more carefully. On the other hand, high awareness in people reduces the amount of stress related to the disease and improves the level of mental health and subsequently physical health. The results of this research also showed that the relationship between attitude and physical and mental health of people is direct but relatively weak, although it is significant at the 95% confidence level. Although mental and physical health increases the level of awareness, it does not have an effect on a person's perspective of an existing reality.
Medicine
Seyed Vahid Seyed Hosseini
Abstract
This abstract provides a concise summary of the comparison of laparoscopy versus open appendectomy results. Appendectomy, the surgical removal of the appendix, is the standard treatment for acute appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) have emerged as the primary surgical ...
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This abstract provides a concise summary of the comparison of laparoscopy versus open appendectomy results. Appendectomy, the surgical removal of the appendix, is the standard treatment for acute appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) have emerged as the primary surgical approaches. This review aims to compare the outcomes of LA and OA, including efficacy, safety, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. Multiple comparative studies consistently demonstrate comparable efficacy between LA and OA in terms of successful appendix removal. LA offers excellent visualization and accurate identification of the appendix, while OA allows for direct visualization and tactile feedback during the procedure. In terms of safety, LA has advantages such as shorter operative times, reduced blood loss, decreased postoperative pain, and reduced wound infections. OA, despite a larger incision, allows for better exposure and control of bleeding. Postoperative complications show that LA has a lower risk of wound infections, incisional hernias, and postoperative pain. However, LA may have a slightly higher risk of intra-abdominal abscess formation. OA has comparable rates of complications to LA. Patient satisfaction is high for both LA and OA. LA provides advantages such as reduced postoperative pain, smaller incisions, improved cosmetic results, shorter hospital stays, and faster return to normal activities. OA offers immediate symptom relief and the ability to address other intra-abdominal pathologies. In conclusion, both LA and OA are effective and safe approaches for appendectomy. The choice between the two should consider individual patient factors and surgeon expertise. Further research will continue to refine outcomes and inform decision-making for optimal patient care.
Medicine
Amir Abbas Esmaeilzadeh; Fatemeh Nasirzadeh
Abstract
The uterus is a hollow and pear-shaped organ in the pelvic area, located between the bladder and the rectum and covered by a tissue called the endometrium. The endometrium is made every month in the uterus, which is removed from the body during menstruation. Also, there are two tubes on both sides of ...
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The uterus is a hollow and pear-shaped organ in the pelvic area, located between the bladder and the rectum and covered by a tissue called the endometrium. The endometrium is made every month in the uterus, which is removed from the body during menstruation. Also, there are two tubes on both sides of the uterus, which are known as fallopian tubes. The task of these tubes is to release eggs and guide them into the uterus for fertilization. In the cervix, if there are abnormal cells that grow abnormally, uterine cancer occurs. This cancer can be treated if detected early. Ultrasound is one of the common methods for imaging the internal parts of the body. Among the applications of this treatment method, we can mention the diagnosis of uterine cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most curable cancers. The necessary condition for the treatment of this cancer is to detect it on time and in the early stages. According to the report of the American Cancer Society, the higher the screening rate with pap smear tests, the lower the mortality from cervical cancer. Regular Pap smear tests are one of the most important and effective prevention methods to detect cells at risk of becoming cancerous. Getting the HPV vaccine and doing regular pap smear screenings can help you reduce the risk of cervical cancer.
Chemical Engineering
Kim Lo Han
Abstract
Heavy polyethylene catalytic pyrolysis with 15% HZSM-5 catalyst was performed at 500 ° C in a semi-continuous stirrer reactor under nitrogen gas. In the first experiment, about 46.7% of the liquid product, 29.2% of the gas product and 4.5% of coke was produced. In the second experiment, with the ...
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Heavy polyethylene catalytic pyrolysis with 15% HZSM-5 catalyst was performed at 500 ° C in a semi-continuous stirrer reactor under nitrogen gas. In the first experiment, about 46.7% of the liquid product, 29.2% of the gas product and 4.5% of coke was produced. In the second experiment, with the changes made on the reactor and condenser, the liquid product output increased by about 8%. In a similar study, the effect of HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst acidity on the catalytic degradation of heavy polyethylene was evaluated. To have HZSM-5 with different acidities, sodium nitrate solution with different concentrations was used. Displacement of protons in the original sample by sodium cations (at room temperature for 4 hours) reduces the acidity of the samples. By adding sodium to HZSM-5 and ion transfer, the acidity of the catalyst decreased and the degradation temperature increased from 390 °C to 555 °C. The gases released from pyrolysis were also analyzed by gas chromatography and it was concluded that the selectivity of volatile products changes with catalytic acidity.
Health
Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: According to information currently available, there has not yet been a published study about the effectiveness of intraperitoneal dexamethasone that uses high-quality methodology. However, after laparoscopy, dexamethasone intravenously has been used to treat nausea. In this study, we compare ...
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Introduction: According to information currently available, there has not yet been a published study about the effectiveness of intraperitoneal dexamethasone that uses high-quality methodology. However, after laparoscopy, dexamethasone intravenously has been used to treat nausea. In this study, we compare the efficacy of intraperitoneal dexamethasone with placebo in patients who have undergone gynecologic laparoscopy in a double-blind randomized clinical trial.Material and Methods: The patients were divided into groups using the four-block block randomization method. The groups' treatment options were chosen at random by drawing lots. There were an equal number of candidates in each block at the conclusion of the selection process. Anesthesia was administered to each patient. A 16 mg dose of dexamethasone was administered into the peritoneum of patients in the first group at the conclusion of the procedure, while patients in the second group received a placebo injection of 16 cc of normal saline.Results: Within the first 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours following the procedure, the dexamethasone group experienced significantly less pain than the placebo group. The placebo group consumed more opioids on average as analgesics/sedatives than the dexamethasone group. Conclusion: Our study's findings demonstrate that, compared to a placebo, 16 mg of dexamethasone can significantly lessen the intensity of pain following gynecologic laparoscopy, and these patients also require fewer opioids. Controlling postoperative pain following laparoscopic surgery can be done in advance using this technique, which has no negative side effects.
Medicine
Negar Javanmard Barbin; Khosrow Hazrati Tappeh; Kambiz Diba; Khadijeh Makhdoumi; Masoumeh Rabieipour; Mahdia Gholamnejhad
Abstract
Fungal infections of respiratory system are the most common reason of death among immunosuppressed patients. Pulmonary candidiasis occurs as a primary bronchopneumonia or secondary type through blood diffusion. Primary bronchopneumonia of Candida, can also occur in patients which had been severely weakened ...
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Fungal infections of respiratory system are the most common reason of death among immunosuppressed patients. Pulmonary candidiasis occurs as a primary bronchopneumonia or secondary type through blood diffusion. Primary bronchopneumonia of Candida, can also occur in patients which had been severely weakened due to tumors, neutropenic patients receiving extensive chemotherapy and infants with very low weight. Aspiration of infectious oral discharges in bronchi and their expansion in pulmonary parenchyma is the main pathway of transmission in Candida bronchopneumonia. In the current research, the most common fungi isolated from respiratory systems were Candida species (91.9%). We certified strains from 38 yeast species, which included almost all medically important yeasts, were cultured on the chromogenic medium and resulting colorful colonies were evaluated. The morphologies of the colonies on cornmeal agar considered as a primary guide for our identifications so then, four Candida species plus C. neopforman as shown at table 2 are the probable alternatives diagnosed in cases suspected to PJP. The results obtained in this work for yeast abundance complied with the findings of other researchers around the world, and indicated that there were almost similar patterns for yeast outbreak in different populations.
Chemical Engineering
Frank Delborty
Abstract
Central receiver solar systems are capable of generating electricity at high capacities and are more efficient than other similar systems due to their high operating temperature. These types of power plants can be used to supply steam to thermal power plants and also to produce hydrogen. Because, like ...
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Central receiver solar systems are capable of generating electricity at high capacities and are more efficient than other similar systems due to their high operating temperature. These types of power plants can be used to supply steam to thermal power plants and also to produce hydrogen. Because, like other solar systems, only energy from solar radiation is used, there are no problems with greenhouse gas emissions or environmental pollution. These systems are one of the few solar electrical systems that can properly store solar energy and inject the stored energy into the grid when necessary, such as at night or in cloudy weather. The above advantage can be used to store energy and deliver electricity during peak network times. A 100-megawatt power plant with a capacity of 12 hours of energy storage requires only 4,000 square meters of barren land and can well supply the energy needed by 50,000 households. There are millions of square meters of barren land in the central deserts and in the southern, southwestern and northwestern regions of Iran, which can be used as a source for solar energy production compared to hydropower.
Medicine
Sanaz Yasrebinia; Mansour Rezaei
Abstract
Introduction: This study aiming to provide vital insights into the potential impacts of these treatment modalities (morphine or methadone) on the neurodevelopmental trajectories of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) -affected infants. By investigating the potential disparities in neurodevelopmental outcomes ...
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Introduction: This study aiming to provide vital insights into the potential impacts of these treatment modalities (morphine or methadone) on the neurodevelopmental trajectories of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) -affected infants. By investigating the potential disparities in neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with morphine and methadone, we aspire to inform evidence-based treatment decisions and refine the standard of care for NAS.Material and Methods: Eight participating locations included 116 full-term newborns diagnosed with NAS, born to mothers under methadone or buprenorphine maintenance, who were enrolled in a randomized trial comparing morphine to methadone. Upon hospital discharge, 99 of these infants (representing 85% of the cohort) underwent assessment using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). At the 18-month mark, 83 out of the 99 infants (approximately 83.8%) underwent evaluation employing the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III), while the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was administered to 77 of the 99 infants (around 77.7%).Results: Our adjusted analyses further revealed that internalizing and total behavior problems were linked to the utilization of phenobarbital (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively), elevated levels of maternal psychological distress (as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory) (both p<0.01), and the presence of infant medical issues (both p=0.02). Additionally, externalizing problems were associated with maternal psychological distress (p<0.01) and continued maternal substance use (p<0.01).Conclusion: Neonates administered either morphine or methadone exhibited comparable neurobehavioral outcomes in both the short and long term. The neurodevelopmental progress of these infants may be associated with factors such as the requirement for phenobarbital, the general health of the infant, and the quality of postnatal caregiving.
Medicine
Bahare Mohabi Nuruddin Vand; Nastern Mousavi Bladi
Abstract
The academic period can be a stressful period due to the presence of many factors. In other words, it is a critical stage in the life of teenagers in every country and it is often associated with major changes in a person's life, especially in their social and human relationships. Being in such conditions ...
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The academic period can be a stressful period due to the presence of many factors. In other words, it is a critical stage in the life of teenagers in every country and it is often associated with major changes in a person's life, especially in their social and human relationships. Being in such conditions is often combined with the pressures, worries and excitements of this period, it affects the performance and efficiency of people and finally, their mental health. On the other hand, freshness and vitality, the academic progress of girls and boys in elementary school is due to their mental health. Mental disorders have existed since the beginning of mankind, and no one is immune to them, and it is a danger that constantly threatens mankind. During the 20th century, human life has been transformed and changed more than in the entire history. The great effort for industrialization, expansion of urban life and machine life has had negative effects on people's health and has created new issues about health and disease, social, economic, political, cultural disorder and environmental, social and psychological problems. It has caused many pathological reactions. Mental health, in preventive psychology, social mental health or social psychiatry refers to all methods and measures that are used to prevent and treat mental illnesses and to rehabilitate existing mental patients. Behavioral disorders are a group of behaviors by which the patient repeatedly violates the fundamental rights of others or violates social rules. This disorder develops in childhood or adolescence and is more common in boys than girls. Behavioral disorders have relatively the same prevalence in different societies. Many children who have behavioral disorders, when they reach adulthood, their disorder is largely or completely resolved.
Medicine
Mohammad Irajian; Vahid Fattahi
Abstract
Introduction: Most patients experience moderate to severe pain after ankle surgery. Early and appropriate treatment of postoperative pain is essential for effective treatment that leads to preservation of lung function, normal breathing, rehabilitation and prevention of chronic pain. In this retrospective ...
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Introduction: Most patients experience moderate to severe pain after ankle surgery. Early and appropriate treatment of postoperative pain is essential for effective treatment that leads to preservation of lung function, normal breathing, rehabilitation and prevention of chronic pain. In this retrospective study, we aimed to identify potential predictors of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery.Material and Methods: In this systematic review VAS/vNRS score of 4-6 is considered moderate, and 7-10 is considered severe. Additional factors investigated included time from ankle fracture to surgery, anesthesia procedure, preoperative anesthesia, medication use and postoperative medication use, classification radiation, bone complexity, surgical technique, and tourniquet operative time.Results: Data from 336 patients who underwent ankle arthroplasty between January 2009 and December 2022 were analyzed. None of the following variables had a significant effect on pain; age, weight, smoking, time from fracture to surgery, type of anesthesia, opioids to control dysfunction, complexity of the fracture, surgical procedure or tourniquet technique increase. Gender predicted moderate to severe pain after PACU by 2 differences.31 (1.39–3.86, P = 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report gender differences in pain reporting in the hours following joint surgery.Conclusion: Female patients who had surgery for ankle sprains reported higher pain scores in the PACU than men.
Health
Mehrdad Zamani Esfahlani; Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: A woman's body undergoes physiological and anatomical changes during pregnancy that affect a number of systems, including the musculoskeletal system. These alterations may result in low back pain or low pelvic pain during or after pregnancy, impairing the movement of these structures and ...
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Introduction: A woman's body undergoes physiological and anatomical changes during pregnancy that affect a number of systems, including the musculoskeletal system. These alterations may result in low back pain or low pelvic pain during or after pregnancy, impairing the movement of these structures and causing discomfort. Material and methods: Using the terms "low back pain," "pelvic girdle pain," "lumbopelvic pain," "posterior pelvic pain," "pregnancy-related low back pain," "pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain," and "pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain," we searched the literature in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Google for articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish published in the previous 20 years or older, as appropriate. Results: In this study we focus on terminology, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment, the aim of this study was to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related lumbosacral pain. Conclusion: One of the main causes of lumbosacral pain is pregnancy, which is also one of the most common illnesses during gestation. Pregnant women's quality of life is improved when this pathology is properly managed.
Covid
Stephan Birmangi
Abstract
Infection with the corona virus leads to short-term and long-term effects, which sometimes affect the sufferers for the rest of their lives. The effect of Corona on the human brain has been studied by many scientists. The new symptoms that have been observed in patients suffering from the disease of ...
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Infection with the corona virus leads to short-term and long-term effects, which sometimes affect the sufferers for the rest of their lives. The effect of Corona on the human brain has been studied by many scientists. The new symptoms that have been observed in patients suffering from the disease of Covid-19 indicate the effect of the corona virus on the functioning of the human brain and nervous system. While examining and treating patients in New York, which is considered to be the most prominent state in America in terms of infection with the corona virus and the number of victims of the Covid-19 disease, apart from fever, cough, body pain and shortness of breath, new signs of the destructive effect of the corona virus on human health. They found that the brain and nervous system of the patients are also somehow involved in this disease. Among the characteristics of this new finding is confusion, forgetfulness and even convulsions caused by nervous pressure in patients with Covid-19, many cases of which have been observed in New York state; In such a way that some patients do not even know where they are and why they are in the hospital or what year we are in now. In most cases, these symptoms are related to the lack of oxygen in the blood; However, it has been observed that this memory disorder in some patients is not very proportional due to the level of pulmonary involvement with the virus. "Jennifer Frontera", a neurologist at Langone University Hospital in Brooklyn, one of the old parts of New York City, believes that according to the new findings, the issue of involvement of the brain and nervous system when contracting the new type of corona virus is now seriously discussed in it has been investigated.
Medicine
Sanaz Yasrebinia; Mansour Rezaei
Abstract
Introduction: As the global community strives to ensure the health and well-being of mothers and newborns, AI emerges as a powerful ally in this noble endeavor. Through this systematic review, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of AI-driven mortality prediction, offering insights ...
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Introduction: As the global community strives to ensure the health and well-being of mothers and newborns, AI emerges as a powerful ally in this noble endeavor. Through this systematic review, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of AI-driven mortality prediction, offering insights that may shape the future of maternal and neonatal healthcare and bring us closer to the goal of ensuring safe pregnancies and healthy beginnings for all. Material and methods: We systematically reviewed the literature, restricting our search to publications from the past decade, and utilized the five major scientific databases as primary sources. Results: Out of the initial pool of 671 works, a total of 18 primary studies were meticulously chosen for in-depth analysis. It was evident that a predominant focus of these studies revolved around the prediction of neonatal mortality, predominantly employing machine learning models, with Random Forest being a popular choice. The top five frequently utilized features for model training encompassed birth weight, gestational age, the child's gender, Apgar score, and the mother's age. The development of predictive models for mitigating mortality during and after pregnancy holds immense potential, not only for enhancing the quality of life for mothers but also as a potent and cost-effective tool for reducing mortality rates. Conclusion: Drawing from the findings of this systematic review, it becomes evident that substantial scientific endeavors have been undertaken in this domain. However, it is equally apparent that numerous unexplored research avenues and opportunities await further exploration within the research community.
