Medicine
Reza Eghdam Zamiri; Saeid Charsouei
Abstract
Introduction: The exploration of biomarker profiles in breast carcinoma with nervous system metastasis represents a critical frontier in cancer research. This endeavor holds the potential to revolutionize diagnostic accuracy, prognostic precision, and therapeutic strategies for patients grappling with ...
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Introduction: The exploration of biomarker profiles in breast carcinoma with nervous system metastasis represents a critical frontier in cancer research. This endeavor holds the potential to revolutionize diagnostic accuracy, prognostic precision, and therapeutic strategies for patients grappling with this aggressive form of cancer. As research progresses, the integration of biomarker information into clinical practice may usher in a new era of personalized medicine, offering hope for improved outcomes and a better quality of life for those affected by breast carcinoma with nervous system metastasisMaterial and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 150 breast carcinoma patients with nervous system metastasis. Clinical data were sourced from records, and tissue samples underwent immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling. Statistical analyses, including survival curves, explored biomarker associations. A 75-patient validation cohort supported findings.Results: Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles identified distinct molecular signatures associated with nervous system metastasis. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of genes associated with cell migration, angiogenesis, and neuroinflammation.Conclusion: Our exploration of biomarker profiles in breast carcinoma patients with nervous system metastasis has provided a nuanced perspective on the molecular intricacies of this formidable disease. The integration of clinical, pathological, and molecular data has facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity inherent in nervous system metastasis.
Medicine
Khosrow Hashemzadeh; Marjan Dehdilan
Abstract
Introduction: Our primary aim was to examine postoperative complications in cardiac surgery patients and their relationship to the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPB). A secondary aim was to evaluate the association of postoperative complications with outcome measures. Material and Methods: Single-institution ...
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Introduction: Our primary aim was to examine postoperative complications in cardiac surgery patients and their relationship to the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPB). A secondary aim was to evaluate the association of postoperative complications with outcome measures. Material and Methods: Single-institution observational study of consecutive cardiac surgery patients over 1 year. Five cardiac cases and 15 extracardiac cases were studied. CPB use, CPB parameters, demographics and Risk Adjusted Classification of Congenital Cardiac Surgery (RACHS-1) levels were evaluated as complication risk factors. Outcomes examined included duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in pediatric hospital, length of stay, and mortality. Results: Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, prior sternotomy, and RACHS-1 level, provided insufficient evidence for an association between CPB support and the incidence of cardiovascular or extracardiac problems. For patients receiving CPB, longer duration of CPB, higher RACHS-1 levels, and lower CPB temperature were associated with more cardiovascular events (P < .01). Longer CPB duration and higher RACHS-1 levels were associated with more cardiovascular complications (P = .006). Postoperative complications were associated with longer ventilator time, longer pediatric heart failure hospital stay, longer hospital stay, and death (P < .01). Conclusion: Postoperative complications occurred in 43% of pediatric cardiac procedures with and without CPB. Complications include longer use of ventilators, pediatric heart failure and hospital stay, and increased mortality.
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
To evaluate the work of the left ventricular muscle, aortic and mitral valves or open coronary arteries. This method is used to assess the patient's condition before and after heart surgery. In both left and right heart catheterization methods, there is a possibility of allergic reaction to the contrast ...
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To evaluate the work of the left ventricular muscle, aortic and mitral valves or open coronary arteries. This method is used to assess the patient's condition before and after heart surgery. In both left and right heart catheterization methods, there is a possibility of allergic reaction to the contrast agent in the form of nausea, vomiting, flushing, burning sensation, numbness, hives and itchy skin. Anaphylactic shock rarely occurs, so after the use of osmotic diuretics and hydration of the patient helps to expel the contrast agent faster. The patient should fast for 8-12 hours. Tell the client to lie on a firm bed for about 2 hours, give a sedative usually diazepam (5 to 10 mg) and diphenhydramine (25 to 50 mg), and stop taking anticoagulants such as warfarin 48 hours before. Work or only patient PT is 18 seconds. Explanation to the patient There is a strong desire to cough (catheterization of the heart) when the contrast agent is injected. Sudden onset of urination and urination, which resolves within a few minutes. Control vital signs of having an open and suitable vessel, measuring height and weight to calculate the appropriate amount of medication. Explain to the patient that he or she will sometimes feel a throbbing sensation in the chest. This palpitation is due to the extrasystoles that appear, especially when the tip of the catheter hits the ventricular wall. The patient is asked to cough or take deep breaths, especially after the contrast agent is injected. Coughing may interrupt the dysrhythmia and also help the contrast material to pass through the arteries.
Medicine
Frank Ablin Derosow
Abstract
A major improvement in the resistance to deformation in TiC cermet’s and at the same time as a reduction in brittleness is possible by changing the arrangement of the bonded alloy or the carbide phase or both. to give an example of an optimal adhesive composition is 22.5% nickel, 10% molybdenum, ...
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A major improvement in the resistance to deformation in TiC cermet’s and at the same time as a reduction in brittleness is possible by changing the arrangement of the bonded alloy or the carbide phase or both. to give an example of an optimal adhesive composition is 22.5% nickel, 10% molybdenum, and approximately 7% aluminum. Improvement of the compressive yield strength of the carbide phase is achieved by forming a solid solution of TiC with 10% by weight of Vc. The addition of approximately 10% by weight of TiM greatly increases the deformation resistance of cermet. It is believed that this increase is ultimately the result of two factors, the effect of re-purification of the grains and the hardening of the carbide phase in the solid solution. If the ratio of titanium nitride to titanium carbide increases, carbo-nitride undergoes changes in its structure, which under controlled conditions can greatly improve the strength and fracture toughness of cermet. In the early 1970s, it was discovered that in the ternary systems Ti-MO-C-N and Ti-W-C-N there is a miscible gap in complete solid solutions between MON, MOC, TiN, and TiC under controlled, single-phase process conditions. Homogeneous solid solution breaks spontaneously or immediately into two similar phases that have close network parameters, but have different chemical compositions.
Medicine
Melika Shojaei
Abstract
A B S T R A C TIntroduction: Since its release, ChatGPT has taken the world by storm with its utilization in various fields of life. This review's main goal CHATGPT is a CHATGPT developed by Open AI. This robot is trained with the help of artificial intelligence on a large amount of data to learn language ...
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A B S T R A C TIntroduction: Since its release, ChatGPT has taken the world by storm with its utilization in various fields of life. This review's main goal CHATGPT is a CHATGPT developed by Open AI. This robot is trained with the help of artificial intelligence on a large amount of data to learn language patterns. In the medical application of CHATGPT, the main topic is the conversation between doctors and patients. Method: In this study we searched in Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed databases and by searching with keywords such as "Nursing Services", "Importance of CHATGPT” and “Medical Education” during 2018-2024 to obtain articles related to the selected keywords. This innovation has the potential to automate daily tasks such as generating patient records or writing reports. By studying more than 45 articles about CHATGPT and the role of artificial intelligence in medicine, the results of this study showed that CHATGPT, with its very high potential, can play an important role in the field of interactions between humans and artificial intelligence and intelligent systems in the future. Results: The move towards the use of artificial intelligence in medicine, which is informed by patient information, can provide more personalized and clinically accurate answers to patients. Also, according to the findings of this research, it can be said: Automating administrative functions, scheduling visits, simplifying notes, checking insurance approvals for drugs, and other repetitive daily tasks can reduce the focus on administrative tasks and more time for providing medical care in to authorize the personnel. Conclusion: In this research, the researchers noticed the mistakes of CHATGPT chat bot in creating cancer treatment programs. According to these researchers, this chat bot had provided one-third of its answers in the field of designing treatment programs with incorrect information.
Medicine
Marjan Dehdilan; Khosrow Hashemzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the outcomes of phase I cardiac treatment of stress in hospitalized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Material and Methods: 19 patients were assigned to (1) the phase I cardiac therapy (experimental) group and (2) the no intervention group (comparison). ...
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Introduction: To evaluate the outcomes of phase I cardiac treatment of stress in hospitalized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Material and Methods: 19 patients were assigned to (1) the phase I cardiac therapy (experimental) group and (2) the no intervention group (comparison). Finally, 60 subjects were included in the data analysis.Psychological status was measured by anxiety scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Anxiety scores were measured over 3 sessions: (1) after admission and before CABG surgery; (2) the day before CABG surgery; (3) release date. Interventions: Self-direction of exercise and daily activities as the first stage of cardiovascular therapy (Chinese handbook) during hospitalization. Data analysis was performed using estimation equations (GEE) to evaluate the inter- and intra-group differences.Results: The average stress level of all subjects before CABG surgery was 42.6. The mean stress level of the day before CABG surgery was 33.7 in the experimental group and 49.8 in the control group; there is a difference between the two groups with a significance level of P < .05. The mean stress of the experimental group on the day of discharge was 28.6, the control group was 38.4; there is a difference between the two groups with a significance level of P < .05.Conclusion: These results are supported by similar studies. This finding suggests that phase I cardiac therapy may reduce anxiety during hospitalization in patients who have undergone CABG surgery.
Covid
James Beki
Abstract
The term coronary artery disease (CAD) is a general term for disease conditions that cause blockage of coronary blood flow. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease. Major problems arising from abnormal blood flow to the heart muscle include angina pectoris, ...
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The term coronary artery disease (CAD) is a general term for disease conditions that cause blockage of coronary blood flow. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease. Major problems arising from abnormal blood flow to the heart muscle include angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Any factor that affects the blood flow to the coronary arteries can lead to anemia. Manifestations of cardiac anemia occur when the heart needs more oxygen than the amount of oxygen available to the heart. The most common cause of this supply and demand imbalance is persistent stenosis within the coronary artery. In most cases, the reduction in flow is due to structural changes inside the artery, which leads to narrowing of the duct inside the artery. One of the most important of these factors is atherosclerosis or atherosclerosis. Other causes of embolism, trauma or direct injury, inflammation of the coronary arteries during systemic diseases such as syphilis, lupus, etc. can cause coronary artery stenosis and obstruction, but in 99% of cases it is the cause of obstructive lesions of arthroscrosis.
Medicine
Martin Viberman
Abstract
In the general field of cemented carbides, cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide groups are the category that has undergone the most development over the past three decades. Arrangements, physical properties, manufacturing methods and application of this class of materials have been reviewed in the cemented ...
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In the general field of cemented carbides, cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide groups are the category that has undergone the most development over the past three decades. Arrangements, physical properties, manufacturing methods and application of this class of materials have been reviewed in the cemented carbides article in this issue. In many applications, tungsten carbide bonded to cobalt has certain disadvantages. The properties of titanium carbide bonded to steel can be compared to the same material for tungsten carbide bonded to cobalt as follows: Titanium carbides bonded to steel respond to heat treatment and when the joint is in an annealed condition, it can be machined with conventional machines. Carbide bonded to fully hardened steel can be heated to a variety of temperatures. Hence, it obtains more ductility than tungsten carbide bonded to cobalt. Cemented tungsten carbides are materials with high modulus. Carbides bonded to steel have a modulus that is not greater than that of steel. The coefficient of thermal expansion of steel-bonded carbides is closer to that of steel than to cemented tungsten carbides. Both tungsten carbide and carbide products can be soldered.
Medicine
Mohammad Irajian; Vahid Fattahi
Abstract
Knee arthroplasty is a type of surgery that replaces the joint surface of the femur and leg bones in the knee joint with an artificial surface. Tranexamic acid binds to the binding sites of lysine in plasmin and plasminogen and thereby displaces plasminogen from the surface of fibrin and thus inhibits ...
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Knee arthroplasty is a type of surgery that replaces the joint surface of the femur and leg bones in the knee joint with an artificial surface. Tranexamic acid binds to the binding sites of lysine in plasmin and plasminogen and thereby displaces plasminogen from the surface of fibrin and thus inhibits fibrinolysis. Local use of tranexamic acid can reduce bleeding in gynecological and obstetric surgeries, especially after delivery, urological surgery, oral surgery in hemophilia patients, and brain and spinal cord surgeries. Tranexamic acid is a plasminogen inhibitor and also inhibits urokinase activators. Tranexamic acid can be used orally and intravenously. Urokinase is a physiological thrombolytic agent that is produced in the kidney parenchymal cells and found in the urine. Urokinase binds directly to plasminogen and produces plasmin. Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine and an antifibrinolytic agent that binds to plasminogen and prevents the interaction of plasminogen with fibrin and prevents fibrin clot dissolution. Urine and urothelium contain high concentrations of plasminogen activators. Tranexamic acid is used to reduce bleeding in heart surgeries, liver transplants, orthopedic surgeries, as well as in cases of arthroplasty and knee joint replacement, and to reduce bleeding after prostatectomy or tooth extraction. Also, this drug is used to treat idiopathic menorrhagia (20-23). Although prostate surgery is a very common surgery, little study was done on strategies to reduce the amount of transfusion, and there is still no universally accepted method.
Medicine
Albert Indonis
Abstract
It is a type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that appears suddenly following a sinus rhythm and drains suddenly. This rhythm may be caused by the rapid evacuation of an atrial fibrillation at a rate of 160-250 beats per minute, or conduction problems in the AV node, called AV node rotational ...
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It is a type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that appears suddenly following a sinus rhythm and drains suddenly. This rhythm may be caused by the rapid evacuation of an atrial fibrillation at a rate of 160-250 beats per minute, or conduction problems in the AV node, called AV node rotational tachycardia. In this way, an impulse is directed to an area of the AV node that causes the impulse to return repeatedly and rapidly from the same area (they have a shorter excitation phase) and each time the impulse is directed from this area to the ventricular side is also moved, causing a rapid ventricular response. Atrial tachycardia can be detected by three or more irregular atrial beats in a row with a rate of 250-220-250 beats per minute alternating with a normal sinus rhythm. Although PAT is also seen in clients with a healthy heart, it is often an underlying heart disease. Caffeine, nicotine, stress, hypoxemia, extreme fatigue, alcohol consumption, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary embolism, cardiopulmonary disease, thyrotoxicosis, digitalis intoxication and heart surgery can trigger PAT. PAT reduces ventricular filling time and mean arterial pressure and increases myocardial oxygen demand. Clinical symptoms vary according to the rate and duration of tachycardia and the underlying cause. If the duration of dysrhythmia is short, the patient complains of palpitations and confusion. But if it reduces cardiac output, signs and symptoms such as restlessness, chest pain, shortness of breath, paleness, hypotension and decreased level of consciousness occur.
Covid
Mahmoud Ali Hassan
Abstract
The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Signs and symptoms of angina pectoris appear when one or more coronary arteries are more than 75% blocked. Angina pectoris is derived from the Greek word meaning chest compression. The presence of angina indicates cardiac ischemia. ...
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The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Signs and symptoms of angina pectoris appear when one or more coronary arteries are more than 75% blocked. Angina pectoris is derived from the Greek word meaning chest compression. The presence of angina indicates cardiac ischemia. Ischemia was associated with short-term angina. It does not lead to permanent damage to the heart muscle tissue, but it is nevertheless a life-threatening factor and can further lead to dysrhythmia and myocardial infarction. Angina pectoris is caused by a temporary ischemia caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of oxygen required by the heart muscle. Angina pain is often relieved by rest and consumption of nitroglycerin and its accompanying symptoms include: shortness of breath, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, sweating, paleness, weakness and syncope may be associated with Angina to be seen. Contact with cold and drinking cold liquids causes the arteries to constrict, reduces coronary blood flow, and increases the myocardial need for oxygen. Eating too much food reduces coronary blood flow and increases myocardial oxygen demand due to the diversion of blood to the gastrointestinal tract. Stress and anxiety, accompanied by the release of catecholamines into the bloodstream, increase blood pressure and increase heart rate and increase myocardial oxygen demand.
Medicine
Antonin Brklay
Abstract
Gray cast iron will be produced from the alloy of iron and carbon, which is about 2% more, or the cooling speed is low, or silicon, which causes the instability of cementite. Now, if the amount of carbon is less than 3.4%, low carbon gray cast iron is obtained, which is easier to cast than steels, which ...
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Gray cast iron will be produced from the alloy of iron and carbon, which is about 2% more, or the cooling speed is low, or silicon, which causes the instability of cementite. Now, if the amount of carbon is less than 3.4%, low carbon gray cast iron is obtained, which is easier to cast than steels, which may have pearlite and pearlite properties. In the first stages of cutting the sample from the main piece, you are aware of its clarity, softness and neatness, and after cutting, filing is also done easily. But sanding it because of its high level of softness would be a problem. The result is that this steel is hyperiotectoid and according to the internal structure, i.e. the background of ferrite and pearlite grains, we understand that it contains 0.4% carbon and 5% ferrite and 5% pearlite, so we conclude that the more pearlite in the metal structure, the higher the percentage. Carbon is also more and the lower the amount and percentage of carbon, the higher the amount of ferrite, and the darkness of the surface under the microscope is the reason for this claim. The presence of sheet graphite causes gray cast iron to have unique properties. including having good machinability in conditions where the degree of hardness is such that the resistance to wear is excellent. The ability to resist burning in the last stages of the loss of lubricants is good, as well as the unusual elastic property that makes it capable of vibration. Several different factors affect the germination and growth of graphite sheets so that these graphite sheets can appear in different shapes and forms.
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
It is a surgical procedure in which blood vessels from another part of the body are blocked into an artery, thereby removing the blocked flow path and opening a bypass in the area of the coronary occlusion, and blood flowing down the stenosis with this graft again. Is established. That is why it is called ...
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It is a surgical procedure in which blood vessels from another part of the body are blocked into an artery, thereby removing the blocked flow path and opening a bypass in the area of the coronary occlusion, and blood flowing down the stenosis with this graft again. Is established. That is why it is called a bypass link. Several factors are involved in performing CABG. The number of coronary arteries involved, the degree of failure with left ventricular dysfunction, the presence of other health problems, the patient's symptoms, and the history of treatment. Patients who have drug-resistant unstable angina, chronic stable angina with acute complications that disrupt the patient's life, patients who have positive exercise test and radioisotope scan in addition to angina, patients who have obvious narrowing of the main coronary artery They have the left. Patients with all three major coronary arteries involved. The lower saphenous vein of the knee is mostly used because it is similar in diameter to the coronary arteries and is removed through a longitudinal incision in the inner surface of the leg and thigh and separating its branches. The vein is then examined for sclerosis.
Medicine
Albert Indonis
Abstract
The lateral branches are bypass grafts that run along the chest wall and are the beginning of where the right or left internal mammary arteries connect to the LAD artery to restore blood flow. Patients undergoing CPB surgery are more likely to bleed than patients undergoing Off Eump surgery. Also, lowering ...
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The lateral branches are bypass grafts that run along the chest wall and are the beginning of where the right or left internal mammary arteries connect to the LAD artery to restore blood flow. Patients undergoing CPB surgery are more likely to bleed than patients undergoing Off Eump surgery. Also, lowering the body temperature for a while leads to a decrease in platelet function. Preoperative evaluations, including platelet count and function, correct hematocrit that determines blood volume, reduce the risks and complications of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. Heart surgery patients should be routinely treated for coagulation disorders, hereditary, hemophilia, and von Willer's disease, and acquired infections such as lupus and lymphocytic leukemia, and recent use of OTC medications such as aspirin and ibuprofen, and dietary alternatives such as Vit E, Ginseng, and garlic. Get information about anything that interferes with coagulation. Taking antithrombotic drugs, which play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, can lead to bleeding. Such as the anticoagulants heparin, Lepirudin, and antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin, clopidogrel, which protect platelets from thio. Patients receiving highly effective anticoagulants and requiring emergency surgery can be tested with the high-sensitivity p2y12 test. This test shows that some people may be ready for surgery in as little as 1 to 2 days. Patients undergoing elective surgery should discontinue high-dose antiplatelet drugs such as glupidergrol for at least 5 to 7 days and low-potency drugs such as aspirin 1 to 3 days before surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding. Patients taking warfarin should stop taking it at least 5 days before surgery. Some may need vitamin K or a combination with FFP to counteract the effects of warfarin. This process can generally take between 6 and 8 hours.
Covid
Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: This review addresses some of the issues that doctors encounter when treating a brain tumor in a patient who is pregnant, with a focus on radiation oncology viewpoints. Pregnancy and its effects on cancer survivors are outside the purview of this discussion.Material and Methods: Using the ...
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Introduction: This review addresses some of the issues that doctors encounter when treating a brain tumor in a patient who is pregnant, with a focus on radiation oncology viewpoints. Pregnancy and its effects on cancer survivors are outside the purview of this discussion.Material and Methods: Using the terms " brain " " tumors" " brain tumors " " pregnancy " "pregnancy-related brain tumors " "pregnancy-related tumors " and " brain tumors in pregnancy " we searched the literature in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Google for articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish published in the previous 20 years or older, as appropriateResults: Since there are no established management guidelines and there are numerous moral and ethical conundrums, the link between brain tumors and pregnancy presents a difficult challenge for the management team. Only small retrospective series of literature are currently available. It is necessary to develop a multidisciplinary plan with individualized management and thorough patient and family counseling at every stage. Conclusion: This task should only be taken on by large centers with the resources to manage every aspect of therapy related to obstetrics, neonatology, and oncology. The creation of central registries might improve data collection and interpretation to inform future strategies.
Chemical Engineering
Saeed Raveshi; Amin Ahmadpour
Abstract
Nowadays energy and electricity production is one of the major concern of governments. Electricity generation by solar systems is considered as one of the alternative for fossil fuels. There is a surge in the use of the solar chimney power plant in the recent years which accomplishes the task of converting ...
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Nowadays energy and electricity production is one of the major concern of governments. Electricity generation by solar systems is considered as one of the alternative for fossil fuels. There is a surge in the use of the solar chimney power plant in the recent years which accomplishes the task of converting solar energy into kinetic energy. In this study a numerical simulation and geometrical parameters optimization of the solar chimney is discussed. In this paper, solar chimney prototype in Manzanares, Spain, as a practical example is used. To explore the geometric modifications on the system performance (output power and efficiency), effect of chimney height, collector radius and collector height is studied. A numerical simulation in this paper were used to evaluate the performance of a solar chimney power plant system, in which the effects of various parameters on the relative static pressure, driving force, power output and efficiency have been further investigated. In order to validate the present work, upwind velocity in the solar chimney was compared with an experimental model.
Covid
Amirhossein Ahmadivand Koshki; Ghazal Tanzifi
Abstract
Radiotherapy may help achieve different treatment goals. For example, it may increase the effectiveness of surgery, help prevent cancer from spreading, or reduce symptoms of advanced cancer. Most radiation therapy devices use photon beams. Photons are also used in X-rays, but at lower doses. Photon beams ...
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Radiotherapy may help achieve different treatment goals. For example, it may increase the effectiveness of surgery, help prevent cancer from spreading, or reduce symptoms of advanced cancer. Most radiation therapy devices use photon beams. Photons are also used in X-rays, but at lower doses. Photon beams can reach tumors deep in the body. When photon beams pass through the body, they scatter some radiation along the way. These rays do not stop once they reach the tumor, but also go to the normal tissue. Radiation therapy is one of the types of cancer treatment methods that uses high-energy particles or waves such as X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams or by using a certain type of energy to stop the growth and division of cancer cells. As a result, the cell will gradually shrink and die. The goal of radiation therapy is to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to healthy cells, but sometimes this treatment also damages healthy cells adjacent to the cancer tissue, or stops them from growing and dividing by destroying their DNA. Also, radiotherapy can be part of the treatment and prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove the malignant tumor. Radiation therapy increases the effect of chemotherapy and is used in sensitive tumors before, after and simultaneously with chemotherapy.
Chemical Engineering
Hossein Hosseini; Asef Zare
Abstract
Gas turbines are usually designed in such a way that the pressure of hot gases at the exit of the turbine and after the last moving blade is slightly lower than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, in order to overcome the ambient pressure, a divergent duct is considered at the gas turbine outlet, and ...
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Gas turbines are usually designed in such a way that the pressure of hot gases at the exit of the turbine and after the last moving blade is slightly lower than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, in order to overcome the ambient pressure, a divergent duct is considered at the gas turbine outlet, and in this way, the exhaust gases, which have a relatively high temperature, are sent to the surrounding atmosphere through the exhaust. The useful output power is transferred to the compressor and then to the generator. Today, the use of gas turbines in power plants and as a generator of electricity is very valuable. In addition, they are widely used in various industries such as space industries, marine platforms, petrochemical industries, etc. These turbines can be useful especially in parts of the electricity industry that require quick installation and commissioning, as well as in cases where the national electricity grid is lost. Speed in construction and installation, low investment cost and low maintenance cost, light weight and the possibility of using multiple fuels are among the advantages of gas turbines compared to other power plants. Current gas turbines are operated with fuels such as natural gas, diesel, low thermal value gases, methane, crude oil, oil. Regarding the disadvantages of these turbines, we can mention the low efficiency and the need for major repairs after fewer working hours and the changes in power and efficiency due to atmospheric changes.
Medicine
Amir Heydarian; Baharak Najafi Fakhraei Azar
Abstract
Drug poisoning is a critical public health issue with significant implications for morbidity and mortality. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of drug poisoning, focusing on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, management, and treatment. By systematically mapping the existing literature, ...
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Drug poisoning is a critical public health issue with significant implications for morbidity and mortality. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of drug poisoning, focusing on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, management, and treatment. By systematically mapping the existing literature, we aim to identify the current state of knowledge in these areas and highlight gaps for future research. Preliminary findings suggest that drug poisoning affects diverse populations and involves a range of substances, including prescription medications, illicit drugs, and over-the-counter products. The epidemiology of drug poisoning varies across regions, with different patterns of substance use and associated risks. Diagnostic methods for drug poisoning encompass clinical assessment, toxicology screenings, and laboratory tests, with advancements in technology enhancing accuracy and efficiency. Management and treatment strategies for drug poisoning include supportive care, decontamination procedures, antidote administration, and psychotherapy interventions. Despite advancements in understanding drug poisoning, significant gaps remain in the literature. Limited research exists on specific populations, such as pediatric and geriatric patients, and the long-term consequences of drug poisoning. Additionally, more studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of various management and treatment approaches. This scoping review provides a foundation for future research and practice in drug poisoning. By synthesizing the current knowledge on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, management, and treatment, we aim to inform evidence-based interventions and improve patient outcomes.
Health
Ali Alahgholi; Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: This review aimed to describe pregnancy-related hand and wrist issues and provide an overview of the pathology, clinic presentations, clinical examinations, and treatment options for these conditions; however, it does not discuss autoimmune-related musculoskeletal disorders during pregnancy. ...
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Introduction: This review aimed to describe pregnancy-related hand and wrist issues and provide an overview of the pathology, clinic presentations, clinical examinations, and treatment options for these conditions; however, it does not discuss autoimmune-related musculoskeletal disorders during pregnancy. Material and Methods: Using the terms " Hand," " Wrist," " Hand and Wrist," " Hand and Wrist problem " "pregnancy-related Hand pain," "pregnancy-related Wrist pain," and "pregnancy-related Hand and Wrist pain," we searched the literature in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Google for articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish published in the previous 20 years or older, as appropriate. Results: The quality of life for pregnant women who have hand and wrist issues may be reduced. These ailments are temporary, benign, and self-limiting, and it is anticipated that they will go away after giving birth. Conclusion: During the third trimester of pregnancy, when hormonal changes, fluid retention, and weight gain are at their peak, hand and wrist problems are most common. Although NA, pyogenic granuloma in the hand, ligamentous laxity of the joints, arthralgia, and exacerbation of arthritis in the hand and wrist have all been reported, the most common disorders are pregnancy-related CTS and De Quervain disease. For problems with the hands and wrists caused by pregnancy, non-surgical treatments are frequently successful.
Medicine
Reza Eghdam Zamiri; Abdolreza Mehdinavaz Aghdam
Abstract
Introduction: moking increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients receiving general anesthesia. During laparoscopic surgeries, the effects of pneumoperitoneum and carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation may amplify these. Our goal was to compare the metabolic and blood gas analysis ...
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Introduction: moking increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients receiving general anesthesia. During laparoscopic surgeries, the effects of pneumoperitoneum and carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation may amplify these. Our goal was to compare the metabolic and blood gas analysis of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgeries while under general anesthesia compared to those who did not smoke.Material and Methods: After receiving approval from the institutional review board, the 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were split into two groups of 30 each: smokers and non-smokers. A arterial blood gas sampling was performed along with baseline hemodynamic parameters to evaluate and compare PCO2, pH, and bicarbonate (HCO3) values at different time intervals with respect to pneumo-peritoneum creation, between smokers and non-smokers.Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher at baseline in the smoker group, and oxygen saturation was noticeably lower. Smokers had significantly higher PCO2 and end-tidal CO2 at all timesConclusion: Between smokers and non-smokers, there is a clear distinction in baseline arterial blood gas characteristics. Smokers appear to be more susceptible to the metabolic effects of CO2 insufflation and elevated intraabdominal pressure.
Medicine
Naser Ghorbanian; Mahmood Eidi
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacological interventions, such as gabapentin, have been utilized to alleviate the symptoms of CTS, but the optimal dosage remains uncertain. This article aims to review and compare the efficacy of two different doses of gabapentin, 100 mg and 300 mg, in the treatment of carpal tunnel ...
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Introduction: Pharmacological interventions, such as gabapentin, have been utilized to alleviate the symptoms of CTS, but the optimal dosage remains uncertain. This article aims to review and compare the efficacy of two different doses of gabapentin, 100 mg and 300 mg, in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. The findings of this review may provide valuable insights for clinicians in selecting the appropriate dosage of gabapentin, balancing the need for pain relief with the potential for adverse effects.Methodology: Following surgery, patients were administered their assigned study medication (100 mg gabapentin, 300 mg gabapentin, or placebo) orally, 1 hour before the procedure. The study medication was prepared by a pharmacist who was not involved in data collection or analysis. Both the patients and the investigators assessing the outcomes were blinded to the treatment assignment.Results: Post hoc analyses using Tukey's test were conducted to assess specific between-group differences in pain scores. At 1 hour postoperative, there was no significant difference in pain scores between the three groups (p>0.05). However, starting from 2 hours postoperative and continuing at all subsequent time points, both the 100 mg and 300 mg gabapentin groups demonstrated significantly lower pain scores compared to the placebo group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that both 100 mg and 300 mg doses of gabapentin are effective in reducing postoperative pain following CTS surgery. The 300 mg dose exhibited superior analgesic efficacy compared to the 100 mg dose, as evidenced by significantly lower pain scores and reduced rescue analgesia consumption.
Medicine
Leila Mahboobi; Babak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
Abstract
Introduction: FMF is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation, primarily affecting individuals of Mediterranean origin. The disease is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, which exhibit variations in their distribution among different populations. The identification ...
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Introduction: FMF is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation, primarily affecting individuals of Mediterranean origin. The disease is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, which exhibit variations in their distribution among different populations. The identification of specific mutations is critical for the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of FMF patients.Material and Methods: Blood samples were collected from each participant for genetic analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples using a standard DNA extraction kit. The extracted DNA was then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the MEFV gene exons using specific primers. The PCR products were sequenced using Sanger sequencing technology to identify the presence of mutations in the MEFV geneResults: The association between the presence of mutations in the MEFV gene and clinical manifestations was further analyzed using chi-square tests. The results indicated a statistically significant association between the M694V mutation and the presence of fever episodes (p<0.001), abdominal pain (p<0.001), and joint involvement (p<0.001). Similarly, the V726A mutation was significantly associated with the presence of fever episodes (p<0.001), abdominal pain (p<0.001), and joint involvement (p<0.001).Conclusion: our study provides valuable insights into the distribution of MEFV gene mutations in patients with FMF. The identification of specific mutations and their association with clinical manifestations contributes to a better understanding of FMF pathogenesis and can aid in the diagnosis and management of affected individuals. The M694V, V726A, M680I, and E148Q mutations were the most common mutations observed, with the majority of mutations located in exon 10 of the MEFV geneencoding the B30.2 domain of the pyrin protein.
Health
Ali Alahgholi; Ramesh Baradaran Bagheri
Abstract
Introduction: The severity of the symptoms and the risk factors connected to them have not been described, but knee pain can be a common complaint during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to identify knee-related dysfunction in a general obstetric population and to list risk factors. Material ...
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Introduction: The severity of the symptoms and the risk factors connected to them have not been described, but knee pain can be a common complaint during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to identify knee-related dysfunction in a general obstetric population and to list risk factors. Material and Methods: In this systematic review, Patients in obstetric clinics completed the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), a validated instrument to measure physical activity, as well as the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire to assess their knee function. To find independent associations with IKDC score and identify predictors of knee dysfunction, analyses of age, weeks of gestation, height, weight, and history of knee issues prior to pregnancy were performed. Results: A mean PPAQ score of 248 MET-h/wk, with a range of 40 to 805 MET-h/wk, was used to estimate physical activity in the study population. With no discernible differences between trimesters (7.3 percent, 6.3 percent, and 6.1 percent in the first, second, and third trimester groups, respectively), twenty (6.5 percent) women reported having a PPAQ greater than 500 MET-h/wk. Seventy-six (24%) of the women in this study reported a history of knee surgery, an injury, or other knee issue. Conclusion: A high level of activity, younger age, higher BMI, and a history of knee problems were all associated with severe knee dysfunction, which was reported by 26.1% of pregnant women. These findings might have consequences for pregnant women who want to stay active and fit during their training. Future research is advised to evaluate the need for intervention and to determine the best ways to prevent and treat symptoms in this population.
Medicine
Mehrdad Zamani Esfahlani; Saeid Charsouei
Abstract
Introduction: Surface electromyography (sEMG) changes as a result of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), which disrupts spinal and supraspinal pathways. The sEMG is a useful addition to current clinical testing and can capture the residual motor command in great detail, even in muscles below the level ...
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Introduction: Surface electromyography (sEMG) changes as a result of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), which disrupts spinal and supraspinal pathways. The sEMG is a useful addition to current clinical testing and can capture the residual motor command in great detail, even in muscles below the level of injury with seemingly absent motor activities. We aimed to explain how the sEMG properties are altered after SCI in this in-depth review.Material and Methods: Following a thorough review of the literature, we focused on sEMG analysis methods and signal characteristics post-SCI. Early reports, according to what we discovered, tended to be primarily concerned with the qualitative analysis of sEMG patterns before moving on to semi-quantitative scores and a more thorough amplitude-based quantification.Results: On the other hand, recent studies are still limited to an amplitude-based analysis of the sEMG, and there are opportunities to more thoroughly characterize the time- and frequency-domain properties of the signal as well as to fully utilize high-density EMG techniques. We advise incorporating a wider variety of signal properties into the neurophysiological evaluation following SCI and gaining a better understanding of the relationship between these sEMG properties and underlying physiology.Conclusion: Improved sEMG analysis may help in understanding the mechanisms of change after neuromodulation or exercise therapy, as well as provide a more thorough description of how SCI affects upper and lower motor neuron function and their interactions.
